The American Civil War Begins Fill in the blanks on the handout as we go through the notes.

DO NOW!!! What were three events that lead us in to the civil war? Explain your answer.

Objective Sequence early events of the war and map out states at the start of the war (notes and map) ****LAST CHANCE FOR MAKE UP WORK!!!*** Please turn in MOWs at the end of class if you are finished with them!

Presidential election of 1860 (slide 1)  4 way contest: Lincoln, Douglas, Breckenridge, Bell  Only hope for South- elect a Pro Slavery President  Lincoln wins, causes upset in the South

Southern States Secede (Slide 3)  Lincoln received no support in the South due to anti-slavery stance.  As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede. (Split from Union)They no longer wanted to be part of the United States.  Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights. They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave when they wanted.

Confederate States of America Slide 4 On December 20, 1860, South Carolina first state to secede. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas soon followed  These eleven states formed the Confederate States of America.  Jefferson Davis as president.  They wrote a new Constitution which made slavery legal.

Confederate States

Civil War (slide 6)  Slavery was the major issue that separated the North from the South.  First shots fired by the Confederacy (April 12-14, 1861) at Fort Sumter, South Carolina

The Civil War began at Fort Sumter.

 Slide 8  There were 23 states in the Union (North) at the beginning of the war.  There were 11 states in the Confederacy (South) at the beginning of the war.

Map Exercise ALSO LOOK AT MAP ON PG. 351 in BOOK

North’s Advantages (Slide 10)  Had many more people  More factories, which could be used to make weapons  The Union also had many more miles of railroad tracks.

South’s Advantages Slide 11 MMain advantage: fighting at home. CCloser to SUPPLIES FFight harder to protect their homes. TThe Confederacy also had superior generals and better trained soldiers. TThe South was being supplied by England at the beginning of the war. England wanted to keep trading for the South’s cotton.

Battle of Bull Run  One of the first battles of the war was the Battle of Bull Run.  The North realized after this battle that the war would not be easy and would not be over soon.

New Weapons  Many new weapons were used during the Civil War.  One of these weapons was an ironclad ship. An ironclad ship was a ship with iron plates on it to protect it from cannon fire.

Other new weapons  Deadlier cannons and bullets  More accurate rifles

Battle of Antietam  First time the Confederacy invaded Northern territory was the Battle of Antietam.  It was bloodiest battle day in United States history. 23,000 men lost their lives that day.  The Union army stopped the Confederate army. This “victory” by the Union gave President Lincoln the chance to announce the abolition of slavery in the South.

Emancipation Proclamation  Declared that all slaves should be set free in the Confederacy.  It also allowed blacks to serve in the Union army and navy.  South ignored the Emancipation Proclamation, but it did change to focus of the war to the issue of slavery.

Women in the Civil War  Women on both sides worked during the war. Many became nurses. The most famous nurse from the Union was Clara Barton.  She also helped organize the American Red Cross.

The armies weren’t all-male Hundreds of women on both sides pulled a Mulan, assuming male identities and appearances so that they might fight for their respective nations. Some of them did it for adventure, but many did it for monetary reasons: the pay for a male soldier was about $13 month, which was close to double what a woman could make in any profession at the time.

Battle of Gettysburg  The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest battles of the war.  90,000 Union soldiers fought 75,000 Confederate soldiers.  More than 50,000 men were killed or wounded in the battle.  The Union won the battle.

 The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war. The Confederacy would never invade Union territory again.

Gettysburg Address  After the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln went to the battlefield to dedicate a cemetery in honor of all those who had died.  Lincoln spoke for two minutes, but his speech became very famous.  It is called the Gettysburg Address.