Missouri Comp

Texas War of Independence Americans began moving into Texas in the 1820’s and brought their slaves with them. War fought by Texans against Mexico because they believed their rights had been violated. Won by Texans in 1836 and requests to enter the U.S. Texas War of Independence

Texas War of Independence President Jackson and Van Buren refused to recognize Texas statehood because of slavery. Texas became its own country with Sam Houston president, 1836 to 1845. Mexico never recognized the independence of Texas.

Texas War of Independence1 Texas entered as a U.S. state in 1845. Mexico vowed if Texas became part of the U.S., this would be an act of war. One cause of the war with Mexico in 1846. Texas War of Independence1

Believed in Manifest Destiny James K. Polk, Democrat President from 1845 to 1849 Believed in Manifest Destiny Expansionist 54’, 40’ or Fight Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain in 1846 (Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty) 49th Parallel Won Election of 1844 over Clay by promising to acquire both Texas and Oregon (inclusion of Oregon avoided anti-slavery bias) Picture/Polk

Treaty with Great Britain in 1846 MANIFEST DESTINY Oregon dispute Treaty with Great Britain in 1846 Compromised with British and divided the Oregon Country at the 49th parallel

TRAILS WESTWARD Trails

CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH

Mexican War MEXICAN WAR Mexico severs diplomatic relations with US after Texas Annexation President Polk sends Sidell to Mexico to offer to buy California and establish Texas boundary at Rio Grande River Mexican government rejects offer Polk moves troops into disputed territory Fighting in that area April, 1846 (16 killed/wounded)-”American Blood on American Soil” Americans victorious in subsequent war-Mexico City Captured-”Halls of Montezuma” Effects US receives Mexican Cession Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to the Civil War MEXICAN WAR Mexican War

MEXICAN WAR Mexican War

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico ceded the Mexican Cession to U.S. Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico U.S. paid Mexico $15 million

Map expansion

Election of 1840 Map

End of Mexican War leads to development of “Free-Soil” Party Free Soilers were only Anti-Slavery to the extent that it prevented opportunities for smaller white farmers They want Mexican Cession and other unorganized territories to not have slavery and free land be given to white settlers Picture/S.Douglas

Election of 1848 Lewis Cass-Democrat-Popular Sovereignty Whigs-Zachary Taylor-War Hero-No position Free-Soil Party-Former President Martin Van Buren Taylor narrowly defeats Cass Taylor dies in 1850 (Aresenic?) and is succeeded by Vice-President Millard Fillmore

1848 Election Map

Most intense debate in U.S. History COMPROMISE OF 1850 Most intense debate in U.S. History John C. Calhoun North should honor the Constitution and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law South wanted California threatened to secede from U.S. U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the North and one for the South Daniel Webster Secession is impractical & impossible How would we split the land? The military? Compromise at all cost Preserve the Union Henry Clay The Great Compromiser, with John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose the Compromise of 1850 Comp of 1850

STEPHEN DOUGLAS Solve the slavery issue was through Popular SovereigntyU.S. Senator from the state of Illinois let the people in each territory decide through the process of voting whether they want slavery or not. Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850 Calif. A free state enforce Fugitive Slave Law Popular Sovereignty stop slave trade in Washington, D.C. Picture/S.Douglas

Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state. Map Comp of 1850

Election of 1852 Democrats-Franklin Pierce-New Hampshire-Appeals to Southerners b/c he is a strong supporter of the Fugitive Slave Law Whigs-Winfield Scott-No strong position on slavery Pierce wins convincingly

Election of 1852 Map

KANSAS AND NEBRASKA ACT Build a transcontinental RR connecting California to the East Coast either in the South or North Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the North (with hub in Chicago) and had to convince the South to allow that. Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska territories be opened up to slavery in return for building the railroad in the North. Popular Sovereignty Kan. & Neb Act

Map Bleeding Kan BLEEDING KANSAS Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of violence between pro-slavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers. First violent outbreaks between north/south. Many feel that first battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in 1856. Over 200 killed (Led by John Brown) Attacks by free-state supporters Attacks by pro-slavery state supporters

Election of 1856 Republican Party formed in response to Bleeding Kansas (members of the Free-Soil, Democratic, and Whig parties that object to slavery on moral grounds) First platform was repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Law

Election of 1856 Republican nominee (John C. Fremont) Know-Nothings (American Party) Anti-Immigration Platform (former President Millard Fillmore Democrats (James Buchanan)-Pierce and Douglas not nominated because of negative association with Kansas-Nebraska Act

Election of 1856 Democrat Buchanan victorious, mostly because neither of the other two parties had a national following

Election of 1856 Map

Competing governments formed in Kansas BLEEDING KANSAS Competing governments formed in Kansas Despite Free-Soil and Anti Slavery Majority, Proslavery leaders offer “Lecompton Constitution” for approval of Kansas as a Slave State Supported by President Buchanan, but Congress refuses to approve Kansas as a state (Does not gain approval unti after Civil War begins) Bleeding Kan

Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a territory to vote on whether they want slavery to exist or not in their state. Map Kan/Neb Act

REPUBLICAN PARTY Free Soil Party against the expansion of slavery First platform was repeal of Kansas/Nebraska Act and Fugitive Slave Law REPUBLICAN PARTY Democrats opposed the expansion of slavery United against the extension of slavery into the territories Whigs Know Nothing Party against immigration Chart/Rep. Party

Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue DRED SCOTT DECISION Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to Illinois & Minnesota both free states. His master died and Scott wanted to move back to Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a slave. He sued his master’s widow for his freedom since he had lived in a free state for a period of time. Court case went to the Supreme Court for a decision-----National issue Can a slave sue for his freedom? Is a slave property? Is slavery legal? Picture/Dred Scott

Southerners see this as their ideal!!! DRED SCOTT DECISION Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom because they are property. They are not citizens and have no legal rights under the Constitution. Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his slaves to a new territory Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were unconstitutional Southerners see this as their ideal!!! . Chart/Effect of Scott

Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas Involved in Bleeding Kansas JOHN BROWN Violent abolitionist Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas Involved in Bleeding Kansas Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the South by raising an army of freed slaves and destroying the South. Picture/J.Brown

JOHN BROWN Attacked a U.S. Ammunition depot in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in Oct. of 1859 to capture weapons and begin his slave revolt. Picture/J.Brown

Put on trial for treason. JOHN BROWN Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the leadership of Robert E. Lee Put on trial for treason. Picture/J.Brown

Picture/J.Brown Hanging JOHN BROWN He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. His last words were to this effect: “I believe that the issue of slavery will never be solved unless through the shedding of blood.” Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to the abolitionist cause. Southerners were terrified that if John Brown almost got away with this, there must be others like him in the North who are willing to die to end slavery. Picture/J.Brown Hanging

Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois. LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois. The debates were followed by the country because both candidates were interested in running for the Presidency in 1860. Slavery was the issue Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself cannot stand. Either we become one or the other. (Published Nationwide) was against the expansion of slavery Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by the people. Popular sovereignty Chart/L&D Debates

LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES Douglas sticks with Popular Soverignty platform and does not endorse Dred Scott decision (Freeport Doctrine) Southerners would therfore not support Douglas for the presidency in 1860 Picture/ L&D Debates

Reading/Lincoln on slavery

Election of 1860 Dispute over Popular Soverignty/Dred Scott leads to split among Democrats Split into Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union Party Split allows Abraham Lincoln (Republican) to win Presidency

ELECTION OF 1860 Country is polarized (divided) over the issue of slavery. Once Lincoln is elected as president, South Carolina will secede from the U.S. along with several other Southern States. They will form the Confederate States of America---CSA 303 total electoral votes and 152 to win. Election of 1860

Secession