1 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money PORTAL: Transportation Data Archive Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory Deena Platman, Metro Dr. Kristin Tufte, Portland State University PORTAL: Transportation Data Archive Intelligent Transportation Systems Laboratory Deena Platman, Metro Dr. Kristin Tufte, Portland State University

2 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money PORTAL Background – –Developed with CAREER grant from National Science Foundation with additional financial support from FHWA – –Large investment in developing regional transportation archive Funding Situation – –Current funding has run out, archive will wither – –Need sustainable funding source PORTAL Background – –Developed with CAREER grant from National Science Foundation with additional financial support from FHWA – –Large investment in developing regional transportation archive Funding Situation – –Current funding has run out, archive will wither – –Need sustainable funding source

3 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money What’s in the PORTAL Database? Loop Detector Data 20 s count, lane occupancy, speed from 500 detectors (1.2 mi spacing) Incident Data 140,000 since 1999 Weather Data VMS Data 19 VMS since 1999 Data Archive Days Since July 2004 About 700 GB 4.2 Million Detector Intervals Bus Data 1 year stop level data 140,000,000 rows

4 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money PORTAL Web Site Graphical display of archived data – Speed, Weather, Incidents, TriMet AVL Performance Reports, Traffic Counts, Freight Data, … Graphical display of archived data – Speed, Weather, Incidents, TriMet AVL Performance Reports, Traffic Counts, Freight Data, …

5 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Speed Plot & Incident Reports Incident on NB I-205, log truck rear-ended a nursery truck, two cars also involved, duration over 4 hours. 11/15/2005 Northbound I-205  20,000 reported incidents/year  92 Database fields  4 Entries per incident

6 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Performance Report - Reliability

7 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Uses of PORTAL Resource for local transportation professionals Metro RTP (?) Projects – –SWARM – –Travel Time – –Bottleneck Identification – –Data Quality Evaluation – –Gap Filling – –TriMet Data Analysis – –Freight Data Display – –Incident Autopsy Resource for local transportation professionals Metro RTP (?) Projects – –SWARM – –Travel Time – –Bottleneck Identification – –Data Quality Evaluation – –Gap Filling – –TriMet Data Analysis – –Freight Data Display – –Incident Autopsy 8:152-vehicles collide 8:19Crash reported 8:27VMS message: CENTER LANES CLSD 8:40COMET requests tow 9:10 Tow arrives 9:27 Lanes clear 9:30Traffic starts to clear 9:45Traffic half clear 10:00Traffic all clear

8 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Metropolitan Mobility the Smart Way Deena – Are any of these the RTP slides you wanted?

9 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Portal In Action: Metropolitan Congestion Over Time WinterSpringSummerFall

10 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Cross Section Study Speed- Volume Analysis (2005) Speed Comparison ‘04 ‘05 Volume Speed

11 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Cross Section Comparison Geographic Bottlenecks Mega- project! Design Flaws Good Free-flow performance Looming Danger

12 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Metering activated earlier under SWARM Vehicle-Hours of Delay Station28-Sep (P)21-Sep (S) Sunnyside Johnson Creek Foster Corridor Total Despite a slightly higher metering rate, SWARM’s earlier activation appeared to delay the onset of congested speeds and allowed for higher and more stable mainline flows. Note: SWARM Metering Activation Data not collected at Foster 9/21 (SWARM) & 9/28 Pre-Timed Metering Activation Speeds dropped prior to activation Pre-Timed SWARM

13 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Extras – PORTAL Detail

14 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money What’s Behind the Scenes? Database Server PostgreSQL Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) Storage 2 Terabyte Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) Web Interface Development Server CentOS Linux distribution

15 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Performance Measures Used  Volume  Speed  Occupancy  Vehicle Miles Traveled  Vehicle Hours Traveled  Travel Time  Delay  In near future will add: Fuel Consumption, Emissions, Carbon Measures

16 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Grouped Data – Travel Time

17 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Performance Report - Reliability

18 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Monthly Report

19 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Incident Reports Incident on NB I-205, log truck rear-ended a nursery truck, two cars also involved, duration over 4 hours. 11/15/2005 Northbound I-205  20,000 reported incidents/year  92 Database fields  4 Entries per incident

20 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Mapping – Speed Subtraction Average Evening Peak Speed (5-6 pm) Difference July-December 2005

21 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Google Traffic

22 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Incident Reports Incident on NB I-205, log truck rear-ended a nursery truck, two cars also involved, duration over 4 hours. 11/15/2005 Northbound I-205 Incident on SB I- 205, NB effects visible

23 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Extras – Other Projects

24 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Vehicle-Hours of Delay Station 1-Oct (P) 17- Sep (S) Sunnysid e58 Johnson Creek Foster2361 Corridor Total (3) Slightly higher metering rates under SWARM than Pre-Timed (2) But metering at Sunnyside (and likely Foster) activated later under SWARM than Pre- Timed (4) SWARM appears to implement a lower metering rate, responding to lower speeds. 10/1 (Pre-Timed) & 9/17 (SWARM) (1) SWARM activation matches drop in speed

25 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money SWARM Summary SWARM allows more vehicles onto the freeway at each on-ramp. » »Counter to ODOT ’ s initial assumptions Pilot study on OR-217 SB demonstrated a tradeoff between decreased ramp delay and increased mainline delay » »Could not conclude that higher on-ramp volumes were the sole cause. » » SWARM ’ s earlier activation times reduce mainline delay under some conditions. Adjustment of metering rates and other SWARM parameters is needed to improve performance of the system Communications failures impact quality of SWARM operation » »Tradeoff between frequently updating ramp metering plans, and increased need for maintenance and tuning w/adaptive system Logging capabilities for SWARM/ATMS would make evaluation efforts easier » »Ramp queue loop detectors, meter activation times, and actual metering rates set by the SWARM system SWARM allows more vehicles onto the freeway at each on-ramp. » »Counter to ODOT ’ s initial assumptions Pilot study on OR-217 SB demonstrated a tradeoff between decreased ramp delay and increased mainline delay » »Could not conclude that higher on-ramp volumes were the sole cause. » » SWARM ’ s earlier activation times reduce mainline delay under some conditions. Adjustment of metering rates and other SWARM parameters is needed to improve performance of the system Communications failures impact quality of SWARM operation » »Tradeoff between frequently updating ramp metering plans, and increased need for maintenance and tuning w/adaptive system Logging capabilities for SWARM/ATMS would make evaluation efforts easier » »Ramp queue loop detectors, meter activation times, and actual metering rates set by the SWARM system

26 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Travel Time Estimation Error 85% of runs within error threshold of 20%

27 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Real Time Travel Time Estimation Goal: Assess accuracy of current travel time estimates and suggest improvementsGoal: Assess accuracy of current travel time estimates and suggest improvements AnalysisAnalysis 500 ground truth runs (GPS-enabled iQue)500 ground truth runs (GPS-enabled iQue) Compared ground truth with estimates using PORTAL dataCompared ground truth with estimates using PORTAL data ResultsResults Average error 11%Average error 11% Identified need for additional detectionIdentified need for additional detection Methods for evaluating benefits of additional detectionMethods for evaluating benefits of additional detection

28 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Sensor Data Quality ODOT products (speed map, ramp metering) are only as good as the input dataODOT products (speed map, ramp metering) are only as good as the input data Use PORTAL to identify poorly performing detectors; prioritize maintenance on those detectors (improve efficiency)Use PORTAL to identify poorly performing detectors; prioritize maintenance on those detectors (improve efficiency) Key Question: How do data anomalies correlate with problems in the field?Key Question: How do data anomalies correlate with problems in the field?

29 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Gap Filling Correlated information can help find mechanisms for filling the data gaps By looking at available information from nearby stations, models fitted on historical data can provide an online estimate of the missing conditions. Different choices of estimation models exist, some more computationally intensive than others. ABC S B S C S A Direction of flow ),( ˆ CAB SSfS 

30 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Bottleneck Identification

31 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Incident Autopsy: 6/12/06 8:152-vehicles collide 8:19Crash reported 8:27VMS message: CENTER LANES CLSD 8:40COMET requests tow 9:10 Tow arrives 9:27 Lanes clear 9:30Traffic starts to clear 9:45Traffic half clear 10:00Traffic all clear

32 Intelligent Transportation Systems: Saving Lives, Time and Money Incident Autopsy: 6/12/ :0008:1008:2008:3008:4008:5009:0009:1009:2009:3009:4009:5010:00 10:10 10:2010:3010:4010:5011:00 vehicles per 5 minutes Crash All Lanes Clear All Traffic Clear Tow Arrives