Guidelines for nutritional management with the purpose of the prevention of injury and illness and rehabilitation for winter sports players; focused on speed skate, short track skate, and alpine ski.

1. Knee Joint Highest cases of ligament rupture occur at anterior cruciate ligament * The main mechanism of injury: Excessive anterior tibial transposition, Extroversion, External rotation Slip catch Dynamic snowplow Landing Boot-induced Phantom-boot Deceleration I. INTRODUCTION Sports Injury Clinical Research Trends Three major parts of Winter sports injury ; according to frequency and severity level Am J Sports Med, 2011; Arthroscopy, 2003

2. Shoulder Joint Frequent in skiing, snow-boarding, and ice hockey - Rotator cuff tear(24%), Front joint & humeral joint dislocation (22%), Acromioclavicular joint dissociation(20%), Clavicular fracture(11%) The main mechanism of injury : Axial load acting on the arm / External rotation & abduction power of shoulder-joint  Humeral fractures, Humeral dislocation Direct hit at Shoulder region  Clavicle fracture, Acromioclavicular joint separation I. INTRODUCTION Sports Injury Clinical Research Trends

3. Wrist/Ankle Joint Mechanism of injury need to be studied for the prevention of repetitive injury Quantitative analysis of biomechanical information is required to assess musculoskeletal injuries at the moment of action Wrist injuries are most common injuries during snowboarding - Radius, ulna fracture In case of ski, wrist 5.7%, ankle 8.0% of the total injuries - Sprains of muscles or ligaments at wrist or ankle I. INTRODUCTION Sports Injury Clinical Research Trends

I. INTRODUCTION Engineering Sports Science Clinical/ Rehab

II. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS 1 st 3 Years Winter sports injuries prediction by using Korean musculoskeletal multi-scale simulation model Team 1 Technological-convergence and the establishment Source-technology development Wearable motion analysis system technology development for winter sports motion analysis Motion analysis and interlock system, Musculoskeletal model building and simulation SW development possible Integration, human kinematics analysis Scaling technology development considering the characteristics of musculoskeletal players Detailed finite element model of joint development (Upper, lower limb and spinal cord) Establishment of injury Predictor based on Joint damage mechanisms Human Body Model/ Reproducing injury during winter sports game besed simulation Winter sports injury of biomechanics/clinical proven mechanism Team 1 Engineering/ Clinical Team

Build injury database through Injury Surveillance System - Filming Training and competition scene using high-speed cameras - Investigate environmental factors of the stadium: temperature, humidity, ice quality, snow quality, etc. - Medical information collected injuries through cooperation with stadium medical staff Literature search ---> Analytical review ---> DB for comparison / analysis Measurements on physiological factors; physical, muscular, functional parameters Evaluation of nutritional status; diet analysis, personal and group interview & consulting Prevention, recovery, and rehabilitation program development based on data built II. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS 1 st 3 Years Team 2 Database establishment of physiology, nutrition, and performance Built injury surveillance system Team 2 Ex Physiol/ Rehab Team

Field application and evaluation of the Program II. OBJECTIVES AND CONTENTS 4 th and 5 th Years Propose and complement Total Care System

1.Cold conditions on ice or snow in indoor & outdoor environment 2. Power and speed required at the same time 3. Relatively higher energy consumption rate 4. Sudden, extreme environmental changes 5. Vulnerable to upper respiratory tract infection(URTI) 6. Relatively shorter season