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Definition of the Vulgate St. Jerome and the Vulgate The role of the Vulgate The importance of the Vulgate

Latin version of the Bible Created mainly by St. Jerome at the end of the 4 th century A.D. Used as the official version of the Roman Catholic Church.

A lead biblical and triligual scholar Commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 383 to make a revision of the Old Latin translations.

The need for a standard and uniform To spread Christianity OT→Hebrew to Greek(Septuagint) NT→written in Greek

In , Jerome first revised the Old Latin Gospels, using the Septuagint and Origen's Hexapla In 390–405, Jerome made a new version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew. Replace the Old Latin version

Jerome’s translation of the Old Testament came from the Hebrew, and the New Testament from Greek Texts. The Vulgate is usually credited as being the first translation of the Old Testament into Latin directly from the Hebrew Tanakh.

The Role of Vulgate divided by Time

Vernacular translations of Bibles from Jews ↓ Roman Empire Some Jews translated Hebrew Bible into Latin

vernacular translations : the Aramaic Targum and Greek SeptuagintTargumSeptuagint ↓ Vetus Latina (old version) ↓ 400 ca ca Middle Age: Latin Vulgate Dominance of the western Christianity ↓ The beginnings of the English Bible

Vetus Latina (Old Version) ↓ the Vulgate 1) Single stylistically consistent Latin text 2) the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church ↓ the Vetus Latina gradually fell out of use Influence of the Vulgate since its born

the Vulgate ↓ the source text used for translations of vernacular languages Influence for later time

Many Latin words were taken from the Vulgate into English nearly unchanged in meaning or spelling e.g. "publican" comes from the Latin publicanus (e.g., Mt 10:3)publican

1) Prayer 2) liturgy( 禮拜儀式 ) 3) private study 4) inspiration for ecclesiastical art and architecture 5) hymns 6) countless paintings 7) popular mystery plays.

the definitive edition of the most influential text in Western European society.