19.3: The War Winds Down Protest, protest, and more protest!

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Presentation transcript:

19.3: The War Winds Down Protest, protest, and more protest!

I.Nixon Moves to End the War

A. Henry Kissinger a.National Security Advisor b.Linkage policy – improve relations w/SU and China so as to reduce aid to Vietnam c.Main negotiator w/N.Vietnam d.Nobel Peace Prize winners 1973 Le Duc Tho

B. Vietnamization 1.Letting the Vietnamese take a more active role by withdrawing US troops… 2.But, secretly bombs Cambodia 3.Silent majority: mainstream Americans who quietly supported the president’s strategy

C. My Lai Massacre (11/69) Lt. Wm Calley 

D. Invasion of Cambodia (4/70) 1.Destroy supply centers and Ho Chi Minh trail without Congress’s approval 2.School protests increase! a.Kent State – 4 killed b.Jackson State -2 killed 3.Gulf Tonkin Resolution repealed (’70) 4.War Powers Act (’73) …

4. War Powers Act- – President must inform congress within 48 hours if US forces are sent into a hostile area without a declaration of war – Troops may not stay longer than 90 days unless congress approves

E. Pentagon Papers (6/71) 1.Continued to expand war w/o Congress consent 2.Pres. Johnson was not honest with Americans 3.Gov’t continues to lose credibility Daniel Ellsberg

F. Election of 1972 George McGovern (Dem) Landslide victoryw/60% of popular vote! Richard Nixon (R)

G. Christmas Bombings (’72) 1. Dec. 1972: peace negotiations break down = “Christmas bombings” (11 days of bombing to resume peace talks stopping only on Christmas day) 2. Jan. 27, 1973 = agreement reached; by March all soldiers gone

H.Fall of Siagon 1.By April 1975, Southern Vietnam falls to Northern forces. 2.Congress does not approve help.

II. The Legacy of Vietnam

A. Human toll 1. >58,000 dead 2. >300,000 injured 3. 15% (450,000) PTSD, suicides, addicts 4. POW/MIA 5. no parades; hostiles 6. $170 Billion on war 1982: Vietnam Veterans Memorial

**************************** 2. Continued Fighting in SE Asia a.Vietnam i. Reeducation ii. boat people b.Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge i. Communist group who opposed capitalism ii. Wanted a peasant society iii. End up killing over 2 million Cambodians