Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?

Chemistry is the study of matter and the transformations it undergoes. Chemistry is the study of matter and the transformations it undergoes. What is matter? What is matter? –Anything that has mass and takes up space.

IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY Chemistry is all around you. Chemistry is all around you. –All matter is made of chemicals –All matter is constantly undergoing changes –The air you breathe –The food you digest –Clothes you wear Chemistry is often said to be the central science. Chemistry is often said to be the central science.

Five Areas of Chemistry Organic Chemistry – Study of molecules containing carbon(gasoline, food, plastics) Organic Chemistry – Study of molecules containing carbon(gasoline, food, plastics) Inorganic Chemistry – Study of molecules not containing carbon(salts, metals) Inorganic Chemistry – Study of molecules not containing carbon(salts, metals) Biochemistry – the study of chemical processes within living things Biochemistry – the study of chemical processes within living things Analytical Chemistry – chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter Analytical Chemistry – chemistry that focuses on the composition of matter Physical Chemistry – deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer of chemical reactions Physical Chemistry – deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer of chemical reactions

Why Study Chemistry? Explain your natural world Explain your natural world –Satisfy a curiosity you may have  Why do peeled apples turn brown?  Why do eggs become firm when you cook them?  Why does soda stay fizzy longer while sealed in the fridge?  Why does bread rise when you bake it?  Why do Cheddar Bo’s taste so good?

Why Study Chemistry? Prepare for a Career Prepare for a Career –Want to be a... –A doctor? –A chef? –Hair stylist? – Welder? – Jeweler? – Food Tech?

Why Study Chemistry? Become an informed citizen Become an informed citizen Having a grasp of chemistry and science will make you better at making good decisions Having a grasp of chemistry and science will make you better at making good decisions Do vaccines cause autism? Do vaccines cause autism? Are GMOs bad for you? Are GMOs bad for you? Should dihydrogen monoxide be banned? Should dihydrogen monoxide be banned? Understanding chemistry will prevent you from being taken advantage Understanding chemistry will prevent you from being taken advantage

SCIENCE vs. TECHNOLOGY How is science different from technology? How is science different from technology? Science: - Experimental investigation and exploration of natural phenomena Science: - Experimental investigation and exploration of natural phenomena –Pursues knowledge for its own sake –Does not cause change in itself Technology - the practical application of scientific knowledge Technology - the practical application of scientific knowledge –The 'stuff' produced with science. –Leads to change (for better or for worse)

SCIENCE V.S. TECHNOLOGY (Cont) Examples of science: Examples of science: –What causes the flu? –How are atoms put together? –How is genetic information stored and transmitted? Examples of technology Examples of technology –Flu vaccine –Atomic bomb –Genetic engineering

SCIENTIFIC METHOD The Scientific Method is a logical, systematic approach to solving a scientific problem or explaining a natural phenomena. The method includes (but is not limited to): Make observations Make observations – Observation - information obtained through the senses, often requiring a measurement. –Example: Music is relaxing. Develop a hypothesis Develop a hypothesis – hypothesis - a proposed explanation for an observation –Example: studying with certain kinds of music improves test grades. Test hypothesis through experiments Test hypothesis through experiments – Experiment - a repeatable procedure that is used to test a hypothesis –Example: record test results after studying with different kinds of music, including no music at all. Develop a theory Develop a theory – Theory: A well tested explanation for a broad set of observations. – Example: Classical music has a positive effect on exam grades.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD (Cont) Theories: Theories: –are never completely certain –May change as more experiments are performed. –model - physical picture or mathematical expression of a theory. –Example: The model of the atom Develop a law Develop a law – Summarizes the outcome of several experiments that occur repeatedly and consistently. –Example: Classical & instrumental music improved exam grades the most vs. no music. –Can be proven or disproven  The scientific method must be free of bias.