AP Music Theory Chapter 2. Scales A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order.

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Presentation transcript:

AP Music Theory Chapter 2

Scales A collection of pitches in ascending and descending order

Pitch Class A pitch class contains all of the notes of the same name REGARDLESS of octave. Note that the caret ( ⌃ ) above each number indicates that the number represents a SCALE DEGREE.

Diatonic Scales Defines a scale of mixed half and whole steps (and an occasional step and a half) in which EACH INDIVIDUAL TONE PLAYS A ROLE. The first tone of the scale the the TONIC

The “Tonic” Focal point of the scale. Most stable note. Point of greatest relaxation. Diatonic melodies frequently end on the TONIC. Diatonic used to indicate a tone that is part of a particular scale (or key signature). Non-diatonic are tones that do not belong to the scale.

Scale Degree Names

TONIC 1 st scale degree Tonal center – the final resolution tone.

SUPERTONIC 2 nd scale degree One step above the tonic

MEDIANT 3 rd scale degree Midway between the tonic and dominant.

SUBDOMINANT 4 th scale degree The lower dominant – the fifth tone down from the tonic (also the fourth tone up from the tonic).

DOMINANT 5 th scale degree So called because its function is next in importance to the tonic.

SUBMEDIANT 6 th scale degree The lower mediant – halfway between tonic and lower-dominant (subdominant). The third tone down from the tonic (also the sixth tone up from the tonic).

LEADING TONE 7 th scale degree. Strong affinity for and leads melodically to the tonic. Used when the seventh tone appears a HALF STEP below the tonic.

SUBTONIC 7 th scale degree Used only to designate the seventh degree of the natural minor scale (a whole step below the tonic).

Natural Minor Scale

Harmonic Minor Scale Has a raised seventh degree. Gives it more melodic thrust toward the tonic.

Melodic Minor Scale Ascending and Descending form. Ascending: raised sixth and seventh degrees Descending: lowered sixth and seventh degrees.

Melodic Minor Scale

Homework Assignment 2.1 (in class) If you do not finish, consider this part of your homework. Due Wednesday: Workbook 2A. Ear – Training scale/xyybyycgspb. scale/xyybyycgspb 20 minutes on these exercises. Shoot for 70% pass rate. Send me your screen shots.

Scale Relationships By products of the organizational theme of major and minor scales… Relative Relationship and the Parallel Relationship.