Chapter 8: The Renaissance in Italy

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy Renaissance – It literally means rebirth. – The term applied to the relearning of the Greek and Roman humanities.

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy Patronage & the Italian City-States – Florence – Milan – Venice – The Papal States – The Kingdom of Naples

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy Patronage & the Italian City-States – The de Medici of Florence The most prolific family in the contribution to the arts. Under Lorenzo de Medici the Italian Renaissance reached its high point.

The Renaissance Spirit in Italy Patronage & the Italian City-States – Roman History The concept of civic humanism came from the ideals of the Roman Republic. Also Stoicism played a role in the advancement of self- interest for the benefit of the civic good.

The Early Renaissance Art – Filippo Brunelleschi Deemed the greatest architect of all the Renaissance. His masterpiece was the dome bearing his name built on the Pazzi chapel.

The Early Renaissance Art – Tommaso di Giovanni (aka Masaccio) The first artist to truly perfect the use of perspective.

The Early Renaissance Art – Tommaso di Giovanni (aka Masaccio) Atmospheric Perspective is accomplished by the blurring of depth. Linear Perspective is accomplished by the shrinking of images to achieve depth.

The Early Renaissance Art – Sandro Botticelli He began using classical mythology with Christian symbology.

The Early Renaissance Art – Sandro Botticelli The Birth of Venus

The Early Renaissance Music – It was believed that a closer link between music and poetry should occur while imitating the ancients.

The Early Renaissance Music – Madrigal It was a song set in four parts with each part performed by one singer. It was a poem with no repeating stanzas or refrains.

The Early Renaissance Music – Word Painting The concept represented the musical depiction of a text’s meaning. It was inspired by Petrarch’s love of poetry. Petrarch

The Early Renaissance Sculpting – Donatello He is credited with reinventing the freestanding nude in the classical style.

The Early Renaissance Sculpting – Donatello David

The Early Renaissance Sculpting – Michelangelo Buonarroti He is considered Donatello’s greatest revival.

The Early Renaissance Sculpting – Michelangelo Buonarroti He excelled in nearly every artistic medium. David

The Early Renaissance The Fall of Florence – Savonarola He was a monk who attacked the pagan pleasure seekers of Florence, making himself a morality dictator. His high point became known as the “Bonfire of the Vanities” in which all vices, including the arts, were publically burned.

Renaissance Genius Niccolo Machiavelli – He wrote the work, The Prince, in honor of Lorenzo de Medici. – It was a how to run the government taking a secular (non-religious) viewpoint.

Renaissance Genius Leonardo da Vinci – Commonly regarded as the “Renaissance Man.” – He excelled in the arts, mathematics, and the sciences.

Renaissance Genius Leonardo da Vinci – His only rival artistically was Michelangelo. – His creation of the classical triangle became a staple of Renaissance painting. – His use of sfumato, the blurring of outlines, also became a common practice.

The High Renaissance The epicenter of the High Renaissance was Rome.

The High Renaissance Josquin des Prez – Regarded as the greatest composer of the age. – He merged northern European polyphony with Italian chordal harmonies. – He popularized imitation, melody that is duplicated by succeeding voices.

The High Renaissance Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) – He became the chief artist for the papacy.

The High Renaissance Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) – His most famous work was the School of Athens.

The High Renaissance Michelangelo in Rome – He was also brought in by the papacy.

The High Renaissance Michelangelo in Rome – The painting of the Sistine Chapel was one of the hi-lights of his work.

The High Renaissance The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel – The Players all contributed designs for the chapel. Bramante Sangallo Michelangelo Bramante Sangallo Michelangelo

The High Renaissance The Reconstruction of St. Peter’s Chapel – Carlo Maderno, in 1606, combined the plans, keeping true to the Greek cross design originally proposed by all of the original architects.