Unit4 Green world The Birth of a Science

Warming up Look at the pictures and match each flower with its correct name.

Peony

the Chinese national flower

Peony The Chinese national flower, native to China, is called as the “the king of flowers”, which is widely used in Chinese medicine.

Tulip

Tulips are beautiful flowers and people often send them to their friends as presents. Tulips are mainly used for decoration. They are native to Central and western Asia.

Rose

Roses are best presents to be sent to friends. And it is also very popular to send roses as love signal between young people. Red roses indicate warmth and love and white ones, purity and simplicity, blue ones, honesty and sincerity. Rose is native to Southwest Asia.

Sunflower

It comes from North America.Indians there began to grow them some 3000 years ago. Their seeds can be eaten, their stems can be used to build fences and sunflower oil is popular in our daily life.

Which flower is your favorite? Explain why.

Pre-reading Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science? His system of grouping plants in families was unique, which based on the arrangement of the male and female organs in the flowers.

While-reading I. Fast reading How many people are mentioned in the passage? Carl Linnaeus Daniel Solander Joseph Banks Captain Cook II. Careful reading 1.Before Linnaeus botany was ______ ． A ． studied by doctors B ． unknown to anyone C ． fully developed D ． a branch of medicine

2. Some economic species plants such as____could help to develop local economies ． A ． rose and peony B ． tea and apple C ． cocoa and hemp D ． Cocoa and lemon

3. It was ____ who made Kew a centre of scientific and economic research ． A ． Joseph Banks B ． Captain Cook C ． Linnaeus D ． Daniel Solander

4.Paragraph one of the text mainly tells us ___ ． A ． the importance of botany B ． how to classify plant species into groups C ． Linnaeus’contribution to botany D ． Linnaeus’discoveries about different species

5.Captain Cook made ___voyages altogether around the world. A ． one B ． Two C ． Three D.four

Post-reading 1. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus? 2. What were the goals of James Cook’s first voyage around the world? Some scientists classified plants into herbs and trees, or according to the shape of the fruit, or whether they had flowers or not. To study the passing of the planet Venus across the sun; to record, classify and describe all plant and animal life observed during the trip; to search for an unknown southern continent.

3. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition? 4. What could be a possible explanation for the name “strawberry”? Because the government would not pay for such a new field of science as botany. When people plant strawberry, they spread straw under the fruit to reduce the necessary amount of watering.

Quiz 1.In the sixteenth century, botany was a branch of_______. A. biology B. physics C. astronomy D. medicine Post-reading

2.Which of the following sentences is true? A.Linnaeus’ contribution to science was quite small. B. All of Linnaeus’ idea were completely new. C. Before Linnaeus there was no system to classify plants. D. Linnaeus’s system was simple and clear.

3. Joseph chose a career in science because __________ A.he thought that was a good way of making a living. B. he was interested in botany. C. his father died when he was 18 years old D. he was very wealthy.

4.The members of the Royal Society aboard the Endeavour included_____ A. Joseph Banks and James Gook B. Carl Linnaeus and Joseph Banks C.James Cook and Daniel Solander D. Daniel Solander and Joseph Banks

5. Joseph Banks' interests lay in ____ A. astronomy and botany B. botany and medicine C. agriculture and botany D. geography and economy

Language points 1. group (v.) The children group round the piano. ( ) We can group animals into several types.( ) 2. promote My daughter’s just been promoted! ( ) The organization works to promote friendship between nations. ( ) 集合 类集 提升 促进

3. 向某人提供某物 supply sb. with sth. / supply sth. to sb. provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb. 他们向受灾地区的人们提供了食品援助。 They supplied the people in the flood- stricken area with food aids. 你还可以怎样翻译？

他成为一个卓越的学者，但却牺牲了健康。 他自己出钱印了书。 (have sth. done) 4. 由某人负担费用 牺牲, 以 …… 作代价 at one’s expense at the expense of He became a outstanding scholar, but only at the expense of his health. He had his book printed at his own expense.

Consolidation Translate the following phrases into English: 1. 详细地 2. 处于支配的地位，负责 3. 由 …… 负责 4. 任命某人为 …… 5. 将 …… 分类成 6. 计算 …… 之间的距离 in detail in charge of in the charge of appoint sb. as classify…into … calculate the distance between…

7. 一代一代传下去 8. 建于 …… 之上；以 …… 为基础 9. 参与 ; 陷入 …… 的活动 10. 根据 ; 视 …… 而定；按照 11. 搜索；寻找 12. 总而言之 pass on from one generation to the next be based on be involved in according to search for altogether

Practice 1. _________ had been made by others to _______ plant species into groups, but the breakthrough ___________ the work of Carl Linnaeus. Attempts classify came with

2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________ James Cook as the commander of the Endeavor to take members of ________________ on an ___________ to Tahiti. 2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________ James Cook as the commander of the Endeavor to take members of ________________ on an ___________ to Tahiti. appointed the Royal Society expedition

3. He also _____________ new economic species: plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold. 3. He also _____________ new economic species: plants that could be grown in England or other parts of the world to produce crops that could be sold. looked out for 4. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another ______ ____________, helping to develop local economies with these new imports. 4. Banks was the first to move crops from one continent to another ______ ____________, helping to develop local economies with these new imports. large scale on a

5. Darwin’s _____________ on that voyage led him to write his famous book On the Origin of Species. 5. Darwin’s _____________ on that voyage led him to write his famous book On the Origin of Species. observations 6. Back home, in England, Darwin _______ that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds _________ in plants. 6. Back home, in England, Darwin _______ that differences in habitat could lead to different species in birds _________ in plants. realized as well as

7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the __________ of the environment was behind the development of new species. 7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s research, scientists of the nineteenth century formed the belief that the __________ of the environment was behind the development of new species. As a result influence

8. It would take a next __________ of scientists to ______ the importance of the environment on species back in view. 8. It would take a next __________ of scientists to ______ the importance of the environment on species back in view. generation bring 9. Turesson found ___________ the existence of ______________ within species in nature. 9. Turesson found ___________ the existence of ______________ within species in nature. evidence for stable varieties

10. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that both _______ and the ____________ are important to plants. 10. The research by Darwin, Mendel and Turesson shows that both _______ and the ____________ are important to plants. genetics environment