Life in the Ocean Plankton: floaters Nekton: swimmers Benthos: bottom dwellers.

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Presentation transcript:

Life in the Ocean Plankton: floaters Nekton: swimmers Benthos: bottom dwellers

Phytoplankton Carry on photosynthesis Diatoms, coccolithophores, dinoflagellates Zooplankton Consumers Radiolarians, forams, others Plants vs. animals

PHYTOPLANKTON

ZOOPLANKTON

Time as a planktonic organism Meroplankton Part of life as a plankton; rest as nekton or benthos Holoplankton All of life as plankton

Nekton Many varieties Consider commercial fisheries

Commercial fisheries Changes in last 50 years Overfishing Causes: human population, changes in fishing practices, environmental degradation, poor management, by-catch Solutions: close fishing areas, marine sanctuaries, tighter regulations, consumer choices ( w_regional.aspx) w_regional.aspx

Aquaculture A solution to overfishing? Pros and cons

Benthos Rocky shores Tide pools Sand and mud Deep sea Coral reefs Just a few examples

Where benthic organisms live Epifuana Live on top of sediments Infauna Live within sediments

Epifauna

Infauna (a, b, c, e)

Land 86% Sea 14% Benthic 98% Pelagic 2% Why these patterns? DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE

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