INTRODUCTION TO : ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ANATOMY: Ana = UP - TOME = CUTTING  Study of the structure of the body Gross  Microscopic  Cytology  Histology.

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Presentation transcript:

INTRODUCTION TO : ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY: Ana = UP - TOME = CUTTING  Study of the structure of the body Gross  Microscopic  Cytology  Histology

Physiology. Study of how body functions Cellular physiology Pathophysiology

 Form always dictates function

Specialty Areas  Surface anatomy  Cytology  Embryology  Immunology  Pharmacology

Levels Of Organization: 6 Levels J Chemical level J Cell J Tissues / membranes J Organs

J Systems J Total organism  Y o u !!!!  From simple to complex

Characteristics Of Life: J Metabolism J Irritability J Contractility J Growth J Reproduction

Homeostasis  “HOMEO-” = same  “-Stasis” = staying  Dynamic equilibrium needed to sustain life  Inner balance

Feedback System:  Stressor : anything that disrupts “ H ”  Body works to correct imbalance

Negative Feedback  Once problem is corrected….  Body works to return things  to normal

Body Systems Controlling “ H ”  Nervous  Endocrine

Anatomical Terms  Anatomical position  Body directions  Superior  Inferior

 Anterior / ventral  Posterior / dorsal  Medial  Lateral  Proximal  Distal

 Superficial  Deep  Visceral  Parietal  Central  Peripheral

 Cranial  Caudal  Internal  External

Directional Terms  Flexion  Extension  Rotation  Abduction  Adduction

 Supination  Pronation  Inversion  Eversion

Body Planes è Imaginary lines thru the body è SAGITTAL : divides body into right & left portions  MIDSAGITTAL

è Transverse : divides body : top & bottom è Frontal : divides into front & back

BODY CAVITIES :  HOLLOW SPACES THAT CONTAIN ORGANS  2 MAIN CAVITIES :  DORSAL & VENTRAL

 Dorsal:  Cranial cavity:  Contains brain  Spinal cavity:  Contains spinal cord  Ventral:  Thoracic : contains heart, lungs, trachea

 Superior to abdominal cavity  Abdominal cavity  Contains stomach, liver, intestines  Pelvic cavity :  Contains bladder, reproductive organs

Abdominal Regions  Used to describe location of organs or pain  4 quadrants :  RUQ / RLQ  LUQ / LLQ

9 Regions :  3 central regions :  Epigastric  Umbilical  Hypogastric

 Right Hypo-chondriac  Left Hypo-chondriac  Right lumbar  Left lumbar  Right iliac or inguinal  Left iliac or inguinal

Body Regions  Axial :  Head, neck & trunk  Appendicular:  Extremities  Torso : thorax, abdomen, pelvis

 Antecubital  Axillary  Cephalic  Cervical  Costal  Cranial  Inguinal

Anatomical Terminology  Prefixes:  Ab-  Ad-  Alg-  Arth-  Bio-  Brachi-

 Cardi-  Chole-  Contra-  Cyst-  Cyto-

Suffixes:  -Algia  -Asis  -Asthenia  -Blast  -Cele  -Cid

 -Clysis  -Coccus  -Cyte  -Ectasis  -Ectomy  -Emia

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