ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 1 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer Engineering 22 Solid Modeling - 1

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 2 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Learning Goals  Describe How AutoCAD SOLIDs differ from WireFrames and Surfaces  Create AutoCAD “Primitive” Solids Box, Wedge, Cylinder, Sphere, etc.  Slice and Section 3D Solids  Use ACAD “Boolean” Operations to create Solids Interfere, Union, Subtract  Combine Primitives to Make new Solids

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 3 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics WireFrame & Surface Models  WireFrame Models The edges and vertices of an object are defined Surfaces and interior are not defined Quick to construct Transparent Complete 3D database Cylinders and spheres difficult  Surface Models Surfaces and edges are defined Interior is not defined (volume but no mass) Tedious to construct More complex surfaces (double curved, B-splines) Visualization (rendering, shading, surface texture)

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 4 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Solid Modeling  Full 3D model (represents actual object)  Surface, edge, interior features  Can be cut to show interior detail  Mass properties may be determined  Construction techniques Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Boundary Representation (B-rep)  Many display options

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 5 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)  Standard “primitive” shapes  AutoCAD has six primitives: box, wedge, cone, cylinder, torus, sphere  Primitives are moved into place with 3D commands to assemble the object  Primitives are combined with boolean commands: union, subtract, intersection

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 6 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics The Primitive Solids

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 7 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Invoke Solid Shapes  Or Command Line Box Sphere Cylinder Etc.

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 8 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Box Command: _box Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: 10,12,0 Specify height: 7

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 9 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Cube  Use Cube Option  Pick Edge Length with Mouse Command: box Specify corner of box or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: c Specify length: <Snap on> Specify second point:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 10 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Sphere  Set Grid Resolution with IsoLines Command  Pick Center with Mouse  Enter Diameter From KeyBoard Command: isolines Enter new value for ISOLINES <4>: 24 Command: sphere Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=24 Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>: Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter]: d Specify diameter: 7.3

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 11 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Circular Cylinder  Pick with Mouse Center Radius Height Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=24 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: Specify second point:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 12 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Elliptical Cylinder  Cylinder Command  Enter from KeyBoard: Ctr, Axes Lengths, Height Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: e Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder or [Center]: 2,2 Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cylinder: 2,5.5 Specify length of other axis for base of cylinder: 3.7 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 8.7 Command:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 13 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Cone  Cone Can have Either Circular or Elliptical Bases Command: cone Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Specify center point for base of cone or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: e Specify axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone or [Center]: 3.7,4.1 Specify second axis endpoint of ellipse for base of cone: Specify length of other axis for base of cone: Specify height of cone or [Apex]: 7.3 Elliptical, 7.3 High Circular, 7.3 High

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 14 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Draw Wedge  Pick Base Corner and opposite Diagonal  Height from KeyBoard Command: wedge Specify first corner of wedge or [CEnter] <0,0,0>: Specify corner or [Cube/Length]: Specify height: 3.7 1st Base Corner 2nd Base Corner

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 15 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Extrude PolyLine  Extrude Heptagon made with Polygon Tool Command: _polygon Enter number of sides <7>: Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: e Specify first endpoint of edge: Specify second endpoint of edge: Command: pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]: Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: w Specify new width for all segments:.1

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 16 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Extrude PolyLine cont.1  Extrude Heptagon made with Polygon Tool Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Win dow]: _seiso Regenerating model. Command: extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 9.1 Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: Command

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 17 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine  Extrude 2D PolyLine Command: pline Specify start point: Current line-width is Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: h Specify starting half-width <1.7190>:.025 Specify ending half-width <0.0250>: Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point or [Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: c

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 18 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Extrude Arbitrary PolyLine cont.1  Extrude 2D PolyLine Command: pedit Select polyline or [Multiple]: Enter an option [Open/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype gen/Undo]: s Command: _-view Enter an option [?/Categorize/lAyer state/Orthographic/Delete/Restore/Save/Ucs/Window]: _seiso Regenerating model. Command: extrude Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: 13.7 Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 19 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Revolve Shape  Revolve HeptaGon About Axis Shown Command: revolve Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Select objects: 1 found Specify start point for axis of revolution or define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]: Specify endpoint of axis: Specify angle of revolution <360>: 291

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 20 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=36 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 9.7 Command: _rectang Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:  Make Cylinder  Make, Twist, and Move Rectangle to define Plane

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 21 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Slice Cylinder w/ Slanted Plane Command: m MOVE Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: mid of Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: 1.25,1.25,3 Command: slice Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Specify second point on plane: Specify third point on plane: Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 22 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics 3D Section  Take Section Thru 3D Solid Along line shown Command: section Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify first point on Section plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: Specify second point on plane: Specify third point on plane:    Pick Pts  Section Picked

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 23 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics 3D Section cont  Section copied  WireFrame View

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 24 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics InterFere  Consider Rod thru Ellipse of Revolution Gourand Shaded WireFrame 3D  Use Interfere to Make Rod with “Bulging” Ends Command: interfere Select first set of solids: Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Select second set of solids: Select objects: No solids selected. Comparing 2 solids with each other. Interfering solids: 2 Interfering pairs : 1 Create interference solids? [Yes/No] <N>: y

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 25 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics InterFere  Turn Off Layers to Show Interfereing, or Common, Region  The Result Bulging End

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 26 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Union  Again Consider Rod Thru the “FootBall”  Combine the Rod and the Elliptical Solid Command: slice Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Specify first point on slicing plane by [Object/Zaxis/View/XY/YZ/ZX/3points] <3points>: zx Specify a point on the ZX-plane <0,0,0>: Specify a point on desired side of the plane or [keep Both sides]: 0,1,0 Command: union Select objects: 1 found Select objects: 1 found, 2 total Select objects: Command  Show Union with Vertical SLICE Rod Layer Off Rod Layer On

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 27 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Subtract  Again Consider Rod Thru “FootBall”  Remove the Rod- Shaped Pocket from the Sliced Elliptical Solid using SUBTRACT Pick Order –Large Solid is MINUEND,  –Rod is SUBTRAHEND,  Command: SUBTRACT Select solids and regions to subtract from.. Select objects: 1 found Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract.. Select objects: 1 found Select objects:   --

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 28 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Coordinate System in AutoCAD  AutoCAD system maintains 3D database  World coordinate system is Default  X,Y as top (plan) view (civil engineering)  Z axis vertical  User Coordinate System (UCS) may be aligned with features (name and save)  Icon shows current coordinate system

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 29 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Local Coordinates in AutoCAD  Define new origin (with existing axes)  Rotate existing coordinate about X, Y, or Z Axis  Define new origin and axes (3 point) Right Hand Coordinates

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 30 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics User CoOrdinate System - UCS  The UCS ToolBar  The Buttons from Left → Right UCS: Invokes the UCS command. Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box. UCS Previous: Enables the previous UCS settings. World UCS: Matches the UCS with WCS. Object UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected object. Face UCS: Builds the UCS based on the selected face of the object

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 31 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS ToolBars  More Buttons View UCS: Matches UCS with screen. The X axis horizontal, Y vertical, and Z perpendicular to the scn. Origin UCS: Moves the UCS without changing its orientation. Z Axis Vector UCS: Builds the UCS based on the new direction of the Z axis. 3 Point UCS: Builds the UCS by specifying the new origin, a point on positive X direction, and a point on XY plane. X Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about X axis.

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 32 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS ToolBars - 2  More Buttons Y Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Y axis. Z Axis Rotate UCS: Rotates the UCS about Z axis. Apply UCS: Applies the current UCS to a selected viewport  UCS-II Tool Bar →  The Buttons from Left → Right Display UCS Dialog: Shows UCS dialog box. Move UCS Origin: Moves the UCS without changing its orientation. Select UCS Drop Down List To Pick a saved UCS

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 33 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 1  UCS View Aligns UCS to Current Screen View

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 34 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 2  3 Point UCS: Click Points 4, 3,1 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/ Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _3 Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Specify point on positive portion of X- axis <5.2426,1.6330,6.3509>: Specify point on positive-Y portion of the UCS XY plane <3.7426,2.4990,6.3509>:        

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 35 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 3  Origin UCS: Click Point 7          Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restore/ Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _o Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Command:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 36 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 4  Z Axis Vector UCS: Click Pt8 → Pt1         Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _zaxis Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Specify point on positive portion of Z- axis < ,0.0000,1.0000>:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 37 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 5  Object UCS: Select the CIRCLE near          Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _ob Select object to align UCS: The Orientation of the X&Y Axes Depend upon the Circle Point Selected with Mouse

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 38 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 6  Face UCS: Select Front-Face near Pt8         Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _fa Select face of solid object: Enter an option [Next/Xflip/Yflip] <accept>:

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 39 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 7  X Axis Rotate: Rotate UCS 45° about X-axis         Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _x Specify rotation angle about X axis <90>: 45

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 40 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 8  Rotate UCS about Y & Z axes         Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _y Specify rotation angle about Y axis <90>: -45 Command: _ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: _z Specify rotation angle about Z axis <90>: 25

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 41 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 9  Save Current UCS as “Pt8_Rot” by KeyBd Command: ucs Current ucs name: *NO NAME* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: s Enter name to save current UCS or [?]: Pt8_Rot        

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 42 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 10  Return to WCS Command: ucs Current ucs name: Pt8_Rot Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: w        

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 43 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics UCS Commands - 11  Restore Saved UCS Pt8_Rot Command: ucs Current ucs name: *WORLD* Enter an option [New/Move/orthoGraphic/Prev/Restor e/Save/Del/Apply/?/World] <World>: r Enter name of UCS to restore or [?]: Pt8_Rot       

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 44 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics All Done for Today HW-19 Instructions  For Probs 4, 11, 17, 24, 30, 37 Instruction “A” Only Print in “SEISO” View  For Prob EX16-51, Print in BOTH SEISO SWISO  Set ISOLINES to 24

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 45 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics Bruce Mayer, PE Licensed Electrical & Mechanical Engineer Engr/Math/Physics 25 Appendix 

ENGR-22_Lec-28_SolidModel-1.ppt 46 Bruce Mayer, PE Engineering 22 – Engineering Design Graphics 3D Solid → InterFere