Classification of Plants

A plant can be divided into 3 parts

Types of Stems Tree – Shrub one main woody stem Usually over 3 meters tall Shrub Multiple woody stems Normally under 3 meters tall

Types of Stems Vine Herbaceous No supporting stem Woody or non-woody Grasses, bamboo

Types of Roots Fibrous no root grows larger than another can have up to 14 million roots (i.e. rye grass) Help prevent erosion Examples: grasses, marigolds,

Types of Roots Taproots Primary root grows larger than secondary roots Makes it harder to pull them from the ground Examples include carrots, dandelions, beets and radishes

Types of Roots Rhizomes Stolons usually underground, horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. may also be referred to as creeping rootstalks, or rootstocks Stolons similar to a rhizome, but exists above ground, sprouting from an existing stem. Top pic is a ginger rhizome, bottom pic shows red stolons

Types of Roots Tuber Corm thickened part of a stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ. Corm short, vertical, swollen underground stem of a plant that serves as a storage organ to enable the plant to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat Top pic is a potato (tuber), bottom pic is a corm called Taro (from Tahitian or other Polynesian languages), more rarely kalo (from Hawaiian), is a tropical plant grown primarily as a vegetable food for its edible corm, and secondarily as a leaf vegetable

Leaves The leaf is a plant organ specialized for photosynthesis Starts at the axillary bud

Leaf Form Simple Compound One blade per leaf Multiple blades or leaflets per leaf

Leaf Arrangement

Compound Leaflet Arrangement

Compound Leaflet Arrangement

Plant Kingdom Non-flowering Plants Flowering Plants

Non - flowering Plants Do NOT produce flowers . 3 groups Non - flowering Plants Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Do NOT produce flowers

Examples of Mosses

Spore-producing capsule Moss spores

Characteristics of Mosses .Simplest plants .No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport) .Simple stems & leaves .Have rhizoids for anchorage .Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal) .Damp terrestrial land

Fern

A leaf (finely divided into small parts) Fern A leaf (finely divided into small parts) underground stem root

spore-producing organs (circinate) young leaf

Characteristics of Ferns .roots, feathery leaves & underground stems .have vascular tissues (transport & support) .Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction) .Damp & shady places

Gymnosperms Pine tree

needle-shaped leaves

Male cones (in clusters) Female cones (scattered)

Characteristics of Gymnosperms .tall evergreen trees .roots, woody stems .needle-shaped leaves .vascular tissues (transport) .cones with reproductive structures .naked seeds in female cones .dry places

Question and Answer Pairs Take one minute to develop a question over the material you just learned. Then, see if you can stump your partner!

Flowering Plants . 2 groups Monocotyledons Dicotyledons . roots, stems, leaves . vascular tissues (transport) . flowers, fruits (contain seeds)

Monocotyledons Parallel veins

Characteristics of Monocotyledons . one seed-leaf leaves have parallel veins . herbaceous plants . e.g. grass, maize

Dicotyledons Veins in network

Characteristics of Dicotyledons . two seed-leaves . leaves have veins in network . e.g. trees, sunflower, rose

Drill Partners With your neighbor, drill each other on the differences between monocots and dicots until you are both certain you can remember them.

Plant Classification Plants Non-flowering Flowering 1 seed-leaf 2 seed-leaves Spore-bearing Naked seeds Monocots Dicots Gymnosperms No roots with roots Mosses Ferns

Ticket Out the door List three important facts you learned today.