Classification of Plants
A plant can be divided into 3 parts
Types of Stems Tree – Shrub one main woody stem Usually over 3 meters tall Shrub Multiple woody stems Normally under 3 meters tall
Types of Stems Vine Herbaceous No supporting stem Woody or non-woody Grasses, bamboo
Types of Roots Fibrous no root grows larger than another can have up to 14 million roots (i.e. rye grass) Help prevent erosion Examples: grasses, marigolds,
Types of Roots Taproots Primary root grows larger than secondary roots Makes it harder to pull them from the ground Examples include carrots, dandelions, beets and radishes
Types of Roots Rhizomes Stolons usually underground, horizontal stem of a plant that often sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. may also be referred to as creeping rootstalks, or rootstocks Stolons similar to a rhizome, but exists above ground, sprouting from an existing stem. Top pic is a ginger rhizome, bottom pic shows red stolons
Types of Roots Tuber Corm thickened part of a stolon that has been enlarged for use as a storage organ. Corm short, vertical, swollen underground stem of a plant that serves as a storage organ to enable the plant to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as summer drought and heat Top pic is a potato (tuber), bottom pic is a corm called Taro (from Tahitian or other Polynesian languages), more rarely kalo (from Hawaiian), is a tropical plant grown primarily as a vegetable food for its edible corm, and secondarily as a leaf vegetable
Leaves The leaf is a plant organ specialized for photosynthesis Starts at the axillary bud
Leaf Form Simple Compound One blade per leaf Multiple blades or leaflets per leaf
Leaf Arrangement
Compound Leaflet Arrangement
Compound Leaflet Arrangement
Plant Kingdom Non-flowering Plants Flowering Plants
Non - flowering Plants Do NOT produce flowers . 3 groups Non - flowering Plants Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Do NOT produce flowers
Examples of Mosses
Spore-producing capsule Moss spores
Characteristics of Mosses .Simplest plants .No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport) .Simple stems & leaves .Have rhizoids for anchorage .Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal) .Damp terrestrial land
Fern
A leaf (finely divided into small parts) Fern A leaf (finely divided into small parts) underground stem root
spore-producing organs (circinate) young leaf
Characteristics of Ferns .roots, feathery leaves & underground stems .have vascular tissues (transport & support) .Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction) .Damp & shady places
Gymnosperms Pine tree
needle-shaped leaves
Male cones (in clusters) Female cones (scattered)
Characteristics of Gymnosperms .tall evergreen trees .roots, woody stems .needle-shaped leaves .vascular tissues (transport) .cones with reproductive structures .naked seeds in female cones .dry places
Question and Answer Pairs Take one minute to develop a question over the material you just learned. Then, see if you can stump your partner!
Flowering Plants . 2 groups Monocotyledons Dicotyledons . roots, stems, leaves . vascular tissues (transport) . flowers, fruits (contain seeds)
Monocotyledons Parallel veins
Characteristics of Monocotyledons . one seed-leaf leaves have parallel veins . herbaceous plants . e.g. grass, maize
Dicotyledons Veins in network
Characteristics of Dicotyledons . two seed-leaves . leaves have veins in network . e.g. trees, sunflower, rose
Drill Partners With your neighbor, drill each other on the differences between monocots and dicots until you are both certain you can remember them.
Plant Classification Plants Non-flowering Flowering 1 seed-leaf 2 seed-leaves Spore-bearing Naked seeds Monocots Dicots Gymnosperms No roots with roots Mosses Ferns
Ticket Out the door List three important facts you learned today.