Aquaculture and fish cell technology The 2nd International Symposium “VERA JOHANIDES” - BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020 Aquaculture and fish cell technology Višnja Gaurina Srček, Kristina Radošević and Zlatko Kniewald University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology Laboratory for Cell Technology, Applications and Biotransformations

Possibilities of utilizing aquatic organisms include: Aquaculture – cultivation of aquatic animals and aquatic plants for recreational or commercial purposes. Possibilities of utilizing aquatic organisms include: Increasing the world’s food supply Identifying novel compounds for the benefit of human health and medical treatment Monitoring aquatic pollution The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

1. Increasing the world’s food supply SOME FACTS ABOUT WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE reached 62.7 million tonnes in 2011 projected to reach 172 million tonnes in 2021 aquaculture contributed 40.1% to the world total fish production providing 55 million jobs supports livelihoods of 10-12% of the world’s population exports of fish and fishery products for 2011 exceeded 125 billion US$ Source: The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012, FAO, www.fao.org The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

Applications of biotechnology in aquaculture control of reproduction growth enhancement genetic characterization control of diseases metabolic engineering transgenesis The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

Table 1. Genetically modified species being tested in aquaculture The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020 Source: 2009 Pearson Education Inc.

AquAdvantage® Salmon AquAdvantage® Salmon (AAS) include a gene from the Chinook salmon, which provides the fish with the potential to grow to market size in half the time of conventional salmon. AAS will be grown as sterile, all-female populations in land-based facilities with redundant biological and physical containment. As a result, AquAdvantage® Salmon cannot escape or reproduce in the wild and pose no threat to wild salmon populations. AAS raised in land-based facilities reduce the environmental impact on coastal areas, eliminate the threat of disease transfer from farms to wild fish and grow more fish with less feed. Additionally, facilities located near major consumer markets reduce the environmental impact associated with air and ocean freight. AquAdvantage® Salmon is the future of salmon aquaculture. http://www.aquabounty.com/products/aquadvantage-295.aspx The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

2. Identifying novel compounds for the benefit of human health and medical treatment A wide number of aquatic species contain or are suspected to contain compounds of biomedical interest (antibiotics, antiviral molecules, anticancer compounds and insecticides) Examples of some medical compounds derived from aquatic organisms The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

3. Monitoring aquatic pollution most current toxicological research on fish is largely based on in vivo studies during 2008, 1.1 million individual fish were used for research and regulatory purposes in the EU Member States reduction of fish number (-37.8%) compared to 2005 (1.75 million fish) use of fish cells for the assessment of chemical risks and the implementation of REACH regulation (EC 1907/2006) The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

Four pillars of fish cell line use in environmental toxicology Bols et al. (2005) Use of fish cells in the toxicology and ecotoxicology of fish. Piscine cell lines in environmental toxicology. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes. Vol 6, pp 44-83. The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

Fish cells in toxicology primary cells established fish cell line (> 250 different cell lines) ascertaining mechanisms by which contaminants exert their toxicity determining the relative toxicity of different chemical contaminants evaluating the toxicity of environmental samples The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

Research in our Laboratory CCO cell line obtained from ovaries of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) 1. Optimization of growth parameters for biomass production glucose, glutamine, lactate, ammonia and amino-acids growth in serum-free medium 2. Cytotoxicity testings of environmental pollutants (EDC’s) cell viability apoptosis/necrosis The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020

Thank you for your attention The 2nd International Symposium "VERA JOHANIDES" BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROATIA BY 2020