2005 Utah State Office of Education The Shape Of Things To Come? The Economist – December 13, 2003

2005 Utah State Office of Education Understanding Overweight and Obesity Information and Statistics Provided by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Utah State Office of Education September 2005

2005 Utah State Office of Education Overweight and Obesity - Risk Factors for: Diabetes Heart Disease and Stroke Hypertension Gallbladder Disease Osteoarthritis (degeneration of cartilage and bone) Sleep Apnea and other breathing problems Some forms of Cancer Fatty Liver Disease

2005 Utah State Office of Education How can weight loss/activity help? Risk is lowered by increasing activity and losing weight Helps control blood sugar levels Allows for the reduction or elimination of diabetes medication

2005 Utah State Office of Education How can weight loss/activity help? Losing 5-15% of body weight lowers chances of developing heart disease or having a stroke Aerobic activity and proper nutrition reduce blood pressure, pulse rate, blood fats, LDL cholesterol levels and inflammation throughout the body

2005 Utah State Office of Education Statistics on Obesity in America 66% are overweight or obese (72 million americans) 3.8 million over 300 pounds; 400,000 over 400 pounds 76% increase in Type II Diabetes since % not meeting basic activity levels 25% completely sedentary 300,000 deaths caused by obesity each year 25-33% of children are overweight/obese Tripled in the last two decades 1 out of 4 children showing early signs of Type II Diabetes without intervention, 1 of 4 children will contract Type II Diabetes by age 30 For the first time children will not be expected to live as long as their parents or grandparents

2005 Utah State Office of Education

Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

2005 Utah State Office of Education Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

2005 Utah State Office of Education Percent of Obese (BMI > 30) in U.S. Adults play stop

2005 Utah State Office of Education

Factors Influencing Obesity Nutrition/Activity Balance- more calories are consumed than burned Genetics Environment Psychology

2005 Utah State Office of Education Genetic Influences Obesity tends to run in families Obese parents significantly increase the risk of a child becoming obese 2 overweight parents = child 60-80% chance for obesity 2 lean parents = child 9% chance for obesity Studies of adoptive children show that they tend to have weights more similar to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents However, families often share common nutritional and activity habits that may contribute to obesity

2005 Utah State Office of Education Environmental Influences What a person eats Access to foods high in sugar and fat content Use of labor-saving devices Sedentary habits such as viewing television and video and computer games Limited exercise as a result of lacking opportunity, knowledge, skill or motivation

2005 Utah State Office of Education Psychological Factors Many people eat when they are depressed, stressed-out, bored or angry Most eating disorders (too much or too little) can be traced to behavioral or psychological difficulties People need to understand the reasons for their eating habits

2005 Utah State Office of Education Age and Gender Metabolism (the process of burning calories) slows down with advancing age As people age they do not require as many calories to maintain health weights Males have a higher metabolism requiring more calories to maintain their body weights After menopause, women’s metabolic rates slow down which can lead to obesity

2005 Utah State Office of Education Activity Levels A sedentary lifestyle is one of the main causes of obesity Active individuals burn more calories than less active ones Activity decreases appetite in obese individuals increasing the ability to preferentially metabolize fat as an energy source Healthy weight is maintained only through the combination of regular activity and proper nutritional choices

2005 Utah State Office of Education Take Action! Healthy Food Choices Regular Physical Activity The Economist – December 13, 2003 Stop The Evolution!