Chapter 6

 Prokaryote  Cells with no nucleus nucleoid  Simple and small  Bacteria  Eukaryote  Cells with many organelles  Large and complex  Has a nucleus  Protists, fungi, plants, animals

 All cells have…  Cell (plasma) membrane  Cytosol (cytoplasm)  Chromosomes  Ribosomes  In eukaryotes…  Membrane-bound organelles Segregate reactions into compartments…allows incompatible processes to be completed at same time

 As size increases so does volume of a cell  Limits how large cells can get  Smaller objects have a greater surface area to volume ratio  Size helps to explain shape as it relates to function…goal is to increase surface area  Larger organisms have more cells…not larger ones.

 Energy is required for cells to perform necessary tasks…all energy ultimately comes from the sun  Energy capturing/producing strategies  Chemosynthesis (autotroph) Carbon dioxide or methane converted to sugars using hydrogen sulfide instead of sunlight  Photosynthesis (autotroph) Carbon dioxide converted to sugars using sunlight and water  Cell respiration (autotroph/heterotroph) Sugars broken down using oxygen

 Know the function of the following…  Ribosome  Smooth ER  Rough ER  Golgi  Mitochondria  Lysosome  Vacuole  Chloroplast  Nucleus  Cell Wall  Cell Membrane