Religion Ms. Britto RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: Where are Christian denominations distributed? Do Now: Where did Christianity start? How many believers does it have? What are the main beliefs? SWBAT Define the term universalizing religion and identify the 3 main universalizing religions Understand the difference between a branch, denomination, and a sect Describe how Christianity has diffused and explain major distribution patterns RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Universalizing Religions Universalizing: attempts to be global; appeal to people in every region Christianity Islam Buddhism RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Breakdown of Universalizing Religions Branch: large and fundamental division within a religion Denomination: division of a branch that unites a # of local congregations in a single and administrative body Sect: relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Christianity 2 billion Largest and most widespread distribution Predominant religion: North America, South America, Europe, and Australia Some majority-Christian countries also in Africa and Asia RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

What changes in distribution do you notice? RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

3 Major Branches Roman Catholic Protestant Orthodox RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

How did Christianity diffuse? Hearth: Jerusalem Relocation: spread through the Roman Empire’s roads by disciples Contagious: once within the Roman Empire people spread it to the countryside Hierarchical: Emperor Constantine Relocation: European colonies/missionaries in Americas/Africa and general migration RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: Where is Islam distributed? Do Now: Is Islam a universal or ethnic religion? Where is it’s hearth? How many followers? 5 pillars? SWBAT Identify the hearth of Islam and describe it’s current distribution Describe how Islam diffused Identify and compare/contrast the 2 branches on Islam RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Islam 1.5 billion followers (2nd largest religion) Northern Africa, SW Asia (Middle East), SE Asia Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, and Pakistan have 50% of the world’s Muslims AIM: Where is Islam Distributed? SWBAT describe Islam’s distribution RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: WHERE IS ISLAM DISTRIBUTED? SWBAT describe it’s distribution RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: WHERE IS ISLAM DISTRIBUTED? RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: WHERE IS ISLAM DISTRIBUTED? Estimated 2009 Muslim Population Percentage of Population that is Muslim Percentage of World Muslim Population Indonesia 202,867,000 88.2% 12.9% Pakistan 174,082,000 96.3 11.1 India 160,945,000 13.4 10.3 Bangladesh 145,312,000 89.6 9.3 Egypt 78,513,000 94.6 5.0 Nigeria 78,056,000 50.4 Iran 73,777,000 99.4 4.7 Turkey* 73,619,000 ~98 Algeria 34,199,000 98.0 2.2 Morocco* 31,993,000 ~99 ~2 * Data for Turkey and Morocco come primarily from general population surveys, which are less reliable than censuses or large-scale demographic and health surveys for estimating minority-majority ratios (see Methodology). As a result, the percentage of the population that is Muslim in these two countries is rounded to the nearest integer. Countries with the Largest Number of Muslims RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Origin of Islam Traced to Abraham and his wives Follow Hagar and Ishmael Muhammad=founder Hearth: Mecca (and Medina) in Saudi Arabia Lingua franca=Arabic (Quran) AIM: WHERE IS ISLAM DISTRIBUTED? SWBAT identify the hearth of Islam and describe the regions of the world where it is currently distributed RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Diffusion of Islam: Relocation Armies conquered large swaths of Africa, Asia, & Europe: relocation Palestine, Persian or Ottoman Empire, India, Spain Missionaries to Sub-Saharan Africa and SE Asia: relocation Trade: relocation to Indonesia AIM: WHERE IS ISLAM DISTRIBUTED? SWBAT analyze how Islam diffused SWBAT describe the current distribution of Islam RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

2 Branches Sunnis: 83% Shiites: 16% Clustered in a handful of countries like Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq Iran=90% Shiite AIM: WHERE IS ISLAM DISTRIBUTED SWABT identify and compare/contrast the two branches of Islam RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Growing Muslim Populations Europe: 5% of the population France: 4 million Legacy of colonialism Germany: 3 million Migration from Turkey North America Nation of Islam-Black Muslims Recent immigration AIM: where is Islam distributed? SWBAT identify the regions of the world where immigrants are currently located RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Islam Handout and Venn Diagram Compare/contrast Major beliefs who should be the leader of Islam Role of the Imam/ayatollahs AIM: Where is Islam distributed? SWBAT compare and contrast the 2 branches of Islam RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: How did Buddhism diffuse? Do Now: Who founded Buddhism? What religion did Buddhism come from? Where is the hearth? SWBAT identify the hearth of Buddhism describe the current distribution of Buddhism and explain how it diffused Evaluate the main beliefs of Buddhism RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Buddhism 4th largest religion ~488 million (disregard video stat) Informal institutions Can be Buddhist and another religion Distribution: China and SE Asia Major Beliefs: 4 Noble Truths RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Origins Founder: Siddartha Gautama Hearth: Northeastern India (border with Nepal) Buddha=“awakened or enlightened one” RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Buddhism Branches Mahayana Theravada Tantrayana 56% China, Japan, and Korea Theravada 38% Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Tantrayana 6% Tibet and Mongolia RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Comparing the 2 biggest branches Theravada=the way of the elders Oldest branch Buddhism requires a full- time occupation; must become a monk Emphasis on wisdom Mahayana=the bigger ferry Split 2,000 years ago Less demanding=more inclusive Self-help and reflection Emphasis on passion RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Diffusion Slow diffusion Hierarchical: Asoka, the emperor of the Magadhan Empire converts Relocation: Asoka sends missionaries to Sri Lanka, Kashmir, Burma Relocation: trade routes spread Buddhism to China and then to Korea and Japan RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Main Beliefs Handout Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Complete the handout with a partner to better understand the main beliefs of Buddhism RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Quiz tomorrow on language Focus on Indo-European Family How did English originate? How did it spread? Why is English the lingua franca? Why is Swahili so important? How do creole languages form? Why do people attempt to revive minority languages? RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

AIM: What are the main beliefs of Hinduism? Do Now: Prepare for Quiz SWBAT Describe the hearth, distribution, and main beliefs of Hinduism Compare and contrast Buddhism and Hinduism Define the term ethnic religion Demonstrate mastery of the language topic through a summative assessment RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Ethnic Religions Appeals to one group of people living in one place Limited or no diffusion! Do not seek converts/send missionaries The growth of universal religions is generally at the expense of ethnic religions RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Hinduism No specific founder History dates back to pre-recorded time Aryans brought Hinduism to India in 1400 B.C. Individualized form of worship No central organization Polytheistic RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Hinduism Beliefs Braham: one unifying spirit Reincarnation Karma Determines caste RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4

Hinduism Distribution 900m-1 billion followers 3rd largest religion 97% of Hindus in India Many of the remaining 3% are found in Nepal RH.11-12.1; RH.11-12.2, RH.11-12.4