The Endocrine System Chapter 39 Coordination of body systems by Chemical control of hormones

I A. Systems that chemically coordinate the body: NERVOUS ENDOCRINE Stimuli-response Rapid response Short time Stimuli-response Slow response Lasts long time Both=HOMEOSTASIS

B.Components of the Endocrine system 1. Glands make ? Hormones or chemical messengers 2. Travel through ? Blood stream (Ductless glands) 3. To where ? Specific Target Organs Pituitary Thyroid Thymus Adrenal Pancreas Ovaries Testes

Feedback thermostat

Feed back loop High Blood sugar Pancreas makes insulin Sugar enters the cells Blood sugar lowered Low Blood sugar Pancreas makes glucagon Sugar leaves the liver Blood sugar is increased

High Blood sugar Pancreas makes Insulin = Sugar goes into the cell Low Blood Sugar Glucagon Releases Sugar From liver Cell needs sugar

2 Categories of Hormones Steroid Hormones Non-Steroid Hormones

IIA.Hypothalamus: Brain area that controls the Master Gland: Pituitary Also controls oxytocin for uterus contraction & ADH for water balance in the kidneys

Pituitary:The Master Gland that controls other endocrine glands Makes TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone for metabolism LH & FSH for Reproduction GH Growth hormone ACTH hormone Oxytocin Prolactin ADH MSH

Thyroid: controls metabolism with thyroxine hormone Pituitary gland controls the thyroid with TSH Iodine is important for the thyroid tissue Goiter results from lack of iodine Also releases calcitonin

Parathyroid Thymus

Adrenal Medulla makes epinephrine & norepinepthrine Adrenal gland sits on top of the kidney Controls “fight or flight” response Superhuman adrenaline

Pancreas: Regulates sugar balance Insulin = sugar into cells Glucagon = sugar leaves the liver

Insulin sources for diabetics : From domestic livestock Genetically engineered bacteria

Examples of hormones & glands... Mammary glands prolactin Ovaries make estrogen Testes make testosterone Adrenal make adrenaline