Writing, Listening & Speaking Chapter 8 Cohen & Cowan

Key Terms Process Prewriting Drafting Revising Editing Shared writing Interactive writing Language usage Sentence construction Mechanics Blog Strategic listening Critical listening Appreciative listening

Writing Supports Reading 1.Use the same intellectual strategies 2.Similar processes 3.Many of the same phonics & spelling skills

Similarities Reading –Phonics to decode –Recognize voice –Activate prior knowledge –Read with purpose Writing –Phonics to spell –Write with voice –Activate prior knowledge –Write with a purpose

The Writing Process Prewriting –Purpose & audience –Content plan –Organizational plan –Brainstorm –Web –Drawing –Prompts –Outlining

Process - ( continued) Drafting Revising Conferring Editing Publishing

The Writing Workshop Beginning Sept. 1 –Make time –Keep the schedule –Organize the classroom –Provide materials –Keep track

Writing Rubric AreasSkills1 Needs much improvement 2 Needs some improvement 3 Good 4 ExcellentTotal Content & Organization Opening and closing are evident Keeps to central idea Supports ideas with details States ideas in a clear sequence Clear paragraphs with topic sentence Usage Subject-verb agreement

Skilled Writer - Unskilled Writer Prewriting: –Takes notes –Organizes –Discusses with others –Researches –Constructs AGO’s –Purpose and Audience Prewriting: –Doesn’t do any or most of the things the skilled writer does –Doesn’t plan for audience or purpose

Skilled Writers Unskilled Writers Drafting: –Write in style appropriate to audience –Frequently re-read –Work with an outline –Take time to get ideas on paper Drafting: –Informal style –Don’t re-read –Don’t use outlines –Little organization –Over-emphasize spelling, mechanics –Complete in short time; no-rereading

Skilled Writers Unskilled Writers Revising/Editing: –Reread and edit –Make structural corrections –May ask others to edit Revising/Editing: –Don’t review –Don’t make corrections –First copy is final copy –(If re-write, copy neatly in ink)

Skilled Writers Unskilled Writers Fluency: –Writes many words –Easy to read –Focused on topic –Well-crafter paragraphs Fluency: –Few words –Stilted, difficult to follow –Paragraphs poorly formed

Skilled Writers Unskilled Writers –Clear opening and closing –Logical progression of ideas –Few or no errors –Effective punctuation –No opening or closing –End abruptly –Text not organized –Content not developed –Pattern of errors –Hard to read –Many misspellings

Skilled Writers Unskilled Writers Rich vocabulary Variety of words Complete Sentences Varied sentences Over-use favorite words Use high-frequency words Incomplete or simple sentences Poorly crafted sentences

The Writing Workshop Introduction (5 min) Mini-lesson (10 min) Independent writing & conferring (30 min.) Wrap-up & sharing experiences (5 min)

Writing Strategies for LD Students Plenty of time Use process (with much support) Interesting topics Computers, spell check, etc. Social climate Frequent conferences

Publish! Puppets

Assessing Writing “Errors are our most important teaching tools.” ----James Moffett

Listening

Listening vs. Hearing “Converts language to meaning in the mind” But who is listening?

5 Types of Listening Discriminative For details For Understanding (strategic) Critical listening (evaluate for validity) Appreciative

Classroom Instruction Read aloud Sharing/show-and-tell Centers Games Guided listening instruction

Listening Level (IRI) Determine a child’s capacity

Speaking

Need to develop speaking skills Group work Storytelling Choral speaking Drama Structured play Learning centers Oral reports & presentations