NOAA Coastal CO 2 Measurements & Synthesis Christopher Sabine, Richard Feely, Simone Alin, Rik Wanninkhof, and many others North American Carbon Program

Inventory changes adapted from Sabine et al., 2004 Global Carbon Budget for Air-sea fluxes Coastal Exchanges Ocean Acidification

Coastal Cruises 2007: West Coast (May–June) & Gulf/East Coast (July – August) 111 stations on 13 transects on West Coast cruise and 90 stations on 9 transects on Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise 111 stations on 13 transects on West Coast cruise and 90 stations on 9 transects on Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise Depth profile measurements include: temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, nutrients, oxygen, organic carbon, oxygen isotopes, and more... Depth profile measurements include: temperature, salinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, nutrients, oxygen, organic carbon, oxygen isotopes, and more...

General Oceanics 8050 pCO 2 System Design/development by Rik Wanninkhof, Dick Feely, Craig Neill, and others The Basics: Daily satellite data transmission. Daily satellite data transmission. Can be outfitted with sensors for DO, pH, chl a, NO 3, etc. Can be outfitted with sensors for DO, pH, chl a, NO 3, etc. LI-COR 7000 NDIR detector to measure air and water CO 2. LI-COR 7000 NDIR detector to measure air and water CO 2. Series of gas standards traceable to WMO standards. Series of gas standards traceable to WMO standards.

NOAA Coastal Underway pCO 2 Systems NOAA Ship McArthur II NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown Container Ship Cap Van Diemen Cruise Ship Explorer of the SeasContainer Ship OOCL Tianjin NOAA Ship Gordon Gunter NOAA Ship David Starr Jordan Container Ship Skogafoss

PMEL Moored Autonomous pCO 2 (MAPCO 2 ) system initial design from the MBARI drifters of Gernot Friedrich and Francisco Chavez The Basics: Self-contained modular unit designed to fit a range of buoys. Self-contained modular unit designed to fit a range of buoys. Daily satellite data transmission. Daily satellite data transmission. LI-COR 820 NDIR detector to measure air and water CO 2. LI-COR 820 NDIR detector to measure air and water CO 2. Gas calibration traceable to WMO standards. Gas calibration traceable to WMO standards.

Sabine et al. (in prep.) Average annual pCO 2 cycle at coastal moorings (2006–2008)

Linkages with other coastal issues & processes Land-useHypoxia Acidification Sources: Hales et al. (2006), Doney et al. (2007), Donner & Kucharik (2008)

pCO 2 variability in a Hawaiian Coral Reef Work conducted in collaboration with:

Carbon System Data from Jorge Corredor (UPRM) CO 2 variability in a Caribbean Coral Reef

Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring Act of 2009 Purposes- The purposes of this subtitle are to provide for-- (1) development and coordination of a comprehensive interagency plan to-- (A) monitor and conduct research on the processes and consequences of ocean acidification on marine organisms and ecosystems; and (B) establish an interagency research and monitoring program on ocean acidification; (2) establishment of an ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; (3) assessment and consideration of regional and national ecosystem and socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification; and (4) research adaptation strategies and techniques for effectively conserving marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean acidification.

Potential ocean acidification monitoring sites in open-ocean and coastal regions, and potential coral reef ocean acidification monitoring sites for time series measurements and process studies. Global Ocean Acidification Monitoring Sites in Coral Reefs and Open Ocean Regions

NOAA’s Preliminary Plans for a Coastal Ocean Acidification Monitoring Network AOOS NAOOS CenCOOS SCCOOS GCOOS CaRA SECOORA MACOORA NERACOOS

Opportunities for Collaboration with IOOS Design and implement a coastal observing program, that includes carbon, utilizing a variety of platforms Design and implement a coastal observing program, that includes carbon, utilizing a variety of platforms Work together to develop coastal modeling efforts that include biogeochemical interactions. Work together to develop coastal modeling efforts that include biogeochemical interactions. Coordinate data management activities Coordinate data management activities Collaborate on methods evaluations and establishing standardized best practices Collaborate on methods evaluations and establishing standardized best practices Collaboration on data interpretation. Collaboration on data interpretation.

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Theme 1: Monitoring Ocean Acidification Ωarag = 1 Chemical and Physical MonitoringBiological Monitoring National Marine Sanctuary Sentinel Sites

Theme 2: Biogeochemical Models and Experiments Down-scale global models for local predictions Puget Sound chemistry Experiments on ocean carbon cycle Hind Casts of historical carbon chemistry

Theme 3: Assessing Species Response Priority Species: Ecological importance Economic importance Vulnerability Feasibility

Theme 4: Forecasting Ecosystem Response Species Life-cycle Analysis Modules (SLAM) EcoPath with EcoSim) Atlantis Baseline Acidification English Sole Landings

Theme 5: Human Dimensions Crabs = $143 million Bivalves = $115 million Ecosystem Services Decision Support System e.g. SMAST Fisheries Decision Support System

Theme 6: Education and Outreach National Marine SanctuariesMuseums & Aquaria Education

First ocean acidification mooring in the Gulf of Alaska at Station Papa Preliminary results show a clear seasonal trend in pH and a strong correlation with pCO 2 Note: pH scale is reversed Collaborative ocean acidification observing system on the U.S. west coast with support from international, federal and state agencies. Depends on a highly coordinated NOAA observations and modeling effort.

Moored pCO 2 Program Moored pCO 2 Program C.L. Sabine (PMEL), F. Chavez (MBARI), S. Maenner (PMEL), S. Musielewicz (PMEL) and G. Friederich (MBARI) Goal: Approach: Achievements: We are at nearly 20% of array design with 5 systems on TAO array, 3 in the North Pacific (including Papa) and 1 in the South Pacific. Develop an inexpensive, robust, accurate pCO 2 system that can be deployed on a variety of mooring and drifter configurations for up to a year at a time. To evaluate the temporal variability in air-sea CO 2 fluxes by conducting high resolution time-series measurements of atmospheric boundary layer and surface ocean pCO 2.

Planned West Coast CO 2 Observational Network