Why do people migrate within a country? In the past people migrated from one region of a country to another for better farmland Today principal of interregional migration is from rural areas to urban areas.

Migration between regions of a country U.S. Opening of American West changed the center of population Example of large-scale internal migration Movement from: Eastern seaboard Early settlement of the interior Migration to California/ Oregon Migration to the Great Plain recent growth of the south.

Historical Internal Migration : U.S. 1 st wave Westward settlement Manifest destiny From Eastern seaboard to West Coast Rural-to-urban Industrialization cause  New jobs 2 nd wave 1940s- 1970s African-Americans migrating from rural south To cities in South, North, and West Mechanization of cotton Defense jobs (WWI, WWII) 3 rd wave Cold War jobs Emergence of Sunbelt West/ Mid-west growth too Economic opportunity Air conditioning Cheap land

Changing Center of Population Center is the average location of everyone in the country Point where distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the pin Loudoun county “mean” center of U.S. in 1810 Didn’t move out of VA until 1860 (Ohio) Today the “center” is in Missouri Since 1980

Migration between regions in other countries Russia: Interregional migration important to supporting the Soviet Union People needed to be located near resources. Forced migration to Siberia Rich in natural resources 45% land mass 2% of population Incentives Offered higher wages, paid holidays, early retirement Didn’t work Collapse of Soviet Union ended encouragement of interregional migration.

Brazil Encourages interregional migration Most live in large cities along coastline World’s two largest cities Brazil tried to attract people to interior of country by building a new capital, Brasilia in 1960 Pull factors such a improved housing and job availability Couldn’t afford housing

Indonesia 1969 government has paid for the migration of 5 million people from the Java to less populated islands. Receive: One way air ticket 5 acres of land Materials to build house Year’s worth of rice

Europe Principle flow of interregional migration in Europe from east/south to west/north Reflects low incomes and bleak jobs prospects Happens within individual countries Britain Italy

India Governments sometimes limit the ability of people to migrate from one region to another India requires a permit for Indians to migrate within regions in their country State of Assam Restrictions date from British Occupancy Designed to protect the ethnic identity of Assamese by limiting the ability of outsiders to compete for jobs and purchase land.

Migration within one region Intraregional Worldwide most prominent trend is movement from cities to suburbs

Migration from Rural to Urban Areas Began in 1800s Industrial Revolution United States urban pop 1800 – 5% 1920 – 50% Today 3/4 ths of people in U.S. and other MDCs live in cities Urbanization now diffusing to LDCs Especially Asia Most rural to Urban migrants are moving for economic opportunities

Migration from Urban to Suburban Areas Developed countries migration is from cities to suburbs Not related to employment but change in lifestyle yard with fence Better schools, safer neighborhoods To accommodate, farms on periphery of cities converted to neighborhoods

Migration from Metropolitan areas to Nonmetropolitan areas migration from urban to rural areas Late 20 th century a new trend started Counterurbanization: Net migration from urban to rural areas Resulted from very rapid expansion of suburbs  Migration/ rural areas Pull factors: less hectic life New technology allows people to stay connected Many are retired Future Trends???