EPILOGUE – LINKING THE PAST AND PRESENT Dr. Nancy Alvarado.

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EPILOGUE – LINKING THE PAST AND PRESENT Dr. Nancy Alvarado

William James was Pessimistic  “…not a single law in the sense in which physics shows us laws, not a single proposition from which any consequence can causally be deduced. We don’t even know the terms between which the elementary laws would obtain if we had them. This is no science, it is only the hope for a science.” James, 1892, p. 468  Is his pessimism justified?

Where do we stand now?  Certain psychological phenomena are now understood and some laws of behavior have been established.  Knowledge of the structure and functions of the nervous system and the biological bases of psychological phenomena has advanced rapidly.  The 1990’s were called “the decade of the brain.”  Development of psychoactive drugs has radically changed clinical practice.

More Advances  Development of new statistical procedures has changed the analysis and interpretation of psychological data.  Factor analysis, modeling.  Computers and electronic instrumentation make more precise measurement possible.  Cognition has been restored to a central position in psychology.  The normative approach to development has been replaced by stage and life-span theories.

Psychology has Grown  There are 51 divisions in the APA, the largest psychology professional organization.  Psychology has become more specialized into subfields.  Psychology has become one of the most popular majors on university campuses nationwide.  The bitter split between clinical practitioners and scientifically oriented psychologists leading to formation of APS in 1988 has been healed.  The groups now coordinate efforts and communicate.

We Stand on their Shoulders  We stand on the shoulders of those who came before us.  The literature review is our contact with past generations.  We can expect their struggles to be our struggles.  Perseverance can be found in the lives of all who made strong contributions.  Some people were lucky, with early continuing success.  Others have been unjustly forgotten. We can find them and celebrate their lives too.