The “Era of Good Feelings”? (1816 -1824) Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

What were the major characteristics of the ”Era of Good Feeling? ” Essential Question: What were the major characteristics of the ”Era of Good Feeling? ”

The Election of 1816 [The Demise of the Federalist Party!]

James Monroe (5th) [1816-1824] Oversaw major westward expansion of the U.S. and strengthened American foreign policy in 1823 with the Monroe Doctrine, a warning to European countries against further colonization and intervention in the Western Hemisphere. Monroe, a Virginia native, fought with the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) Protégé of Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) Delegate to the Continental Congress and served as a U.S. senator, governor of Virginia and minister to France and Great Britain. Helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, As president, he acquired Florida, Also dealt with slavery for new states joining the Union with the 1820 Missouri Compromise.

John Quincy Adams: A bulldog among spaniels! Served as Secretary of State under Monroe (part of his efforts to build a sectionally balanced cabinet.) Adams achieved many diplomatic accomplishments in this post, including negotiating the joint occupation of Oregon with England and acquiring Florida from Spain. He also served as the chief architect of what became known as the Monroe Doctrine (1823) The Monroe Doctrine aimed to prevent further European intervention or colonization in Latin America by asserting U.S. protection over the entire Western Hemisphere. Called a bulldog among spaniels from his time in the Russian Royal court. Adams often came face to face with many influential individuals & held his own when challenged

The Convention of 1818 “Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves,” the Treaty secured fishing rights for U.S. fishermen along Newfoundland and Labrador, provided for joint control of Oregon territory, and marked the beginning of better relations between Britain and the U.S. (Last territorial LOSS by the USA)

The West & the NW: 1819-1824

Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 [“The Transcontinental Treaty”] Minister Onís (Spain) and Secretary Adams reached an agreement whereby Spain ceded East Florida to the United States and renounced all claim to West Florida. Spain received no compensation, but the United States agreed to assume liability for $5 million in damage done by American citizens who rebelled against Spain.  Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 [“The Transcontinental Treaty”] The United States and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest. In return, the United States recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texas. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/florida

US Population Density 1810 1820

Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser” The American System Tariff of 1816 (aka Dallas Tariff) The first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from foreign competition. Prior to 1812, tariffs had primarily served to raise revenues to operate the government Chartering of the Second Bank of the United States [BUS]. Internal improvements at federal expense.- National Road Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser”

The American System: The National [Cumberland] Road

The Erie Canal 1817 – 1825. 363 miles Albany to Buffalo. Much further than any other American or European canal. Linked Northwest (Midwest) to the Atlantic & ergo the East

The American System WEST  got roads, canals, and federal aide. EAST  got the backing of protective tariffs from the West. SOUTH  ??

In 1819, the impressive post-War of 1812 economic expansion ended. Banks throughout the country failed; Mortgages were foreclosed, forcing people out of their homes and off their farms. Falling prices impaired agr. & manufacturing Resulted in widespread unemployment. All regions of the country were impacted and prosperity did not return until 1824. Resulted in the Second National Bank of the United States being more conservative in their practices The Panic of 1819

The Election of 1820

The Compromise of 1820: A Firebell in the Night!

The Tallmadge Amendment All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. Passed by the House, not in the Senate. The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate.

The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 Referred to as “America’s Self-Defense Doctrine” What warning is given to the European countries? What foreign policy principles are established? Monroe Doctrine What would the US do if the warning was not headed?

The Election of 1824: For the first time no candidate ran as a Federalist, while five significant candidates competed as Democratic-Republicans.

The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain” Because nobody had received a majority of votes in the electoral college, the House of Representatives had to choose between the top two candidates. Henry Clay, the speaker of the House of Representatives, now held a decisive position.  Clay DESPISED Jackson Clay forged an Ohio Valley-New England coalition that secured the White House for John Quincy Adams. In return Adams named Clay as his secretary of state, a position that had been the stepping-stone to the presidency for the previous four executives. The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”

The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”

Lasting Thoughts on 1824… When the Adams administration continued to favor a strong federal role in economic development, Jacksonians denounced their political enemies as using government favors to reward their friends and economic elites. By contrast, Jackson presented himself as a champion of the common man and by doing so furthered the democratization of American politics.