Web Systems & Technologies Lecture 1 Muhammad Pervez Akhtar pervezbcs@gmail.com Pervez.farooka.com

Outline World Wide Web (WWW) The Origin of the Web Hypertext Web vs. the Internet Purposes of World Wide Web Web Pages and Website Web Page vs. Website Web Applications Web Servers TCP/IP Resources of Learning Web

World Wide Web (WWW) The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3,  commonly known as the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them via hyperlinks.

The Origin of the Web Originally promoted the World Wide Web as a virtual library A document control system for sharing information resources among researchers Online documents could be accessed via a unique document address, a Universal Resource Locator(URL) These documents could be cross-referenced via hypertext links

Hypertext The term introduced by Ted Nelson over 30 years ago a way of describing ‘non-sequential writing—text that branches and allows choice to the reader.’ Unlike the static text of print media, it is intended for use with an interactive computer screen A text that is open, fluid and changeable, and can be connected to other pieces of hypertext by ‘links’ called hyperlinks The term was extended under the name hypermedia to refer not only to text, but to other media as well, including graphics, audio, and video The technology that connects documents and information resources through links

Web vs. the Internet Web is rooted in the fundamental protocols associated with the Internet (http) Notion ‘the Web’ go beyond the boundaries of pages delivered to Web browsers Wireless devices, personal digital assistants, and the next generation of Internet appliances

Purposes of World Wide Web There are variety of purposes of using WWW Educational Institutions and Research Laboratories First users of WWW Share documents and other resources over it Individuals Instantaneous International Postal Service Worldwide Community bulletin boards Photo albums, entertainment, news etc Business engaged in ecommerce Buying and selling goods and services over internet B2B communication

Web Pages A web page (or webpage) is a web document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and the web browser. A web browser displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device.

Web Pages The web page is what displays, but the term also refers to a computer file, usually written in HTML or comparable markup language, whose main distinction is to provide hypertext that will navigate to other web pages via links. Web browsers coordinate web resources centered around the written web page, such as style sheets, scripts and images, to present the web page.

Websites A website, also written as web site,  or simply site, is a set of related web pages typically served from a single web domain. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform resource locator (URL). All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.

Web Page vs. Website A Web site is more than just a group of web pages that are connected to each other through hypertext links At the lowest level, there are content-related concerns Maintaining thematic consistency of content is important in giving a site some degree of identity There are also a esthetic concerns A Web site should also have a common look and feel across all of its pages A common style across the site: page layout, graphic design, and typographical elements should reflect that style There are also architectural concerns As a site grows in size and becomes more complex It becomes critically important to organize its content properly Not only the layout of individual page but the interconnection between them

Web Page vs. Website Some of the symptoms of bad site design include links targeting the wrong frame links that take visitors to a particular page at an appropriate time Suggestions for good website Should be well designed that reflects identity among pages All the pages are interconnected in a flow If site size grows and become complex Use site map Navigation menus Reorganize or restructured it again

Web Applications A web application or web app is any application software that runs in a web browser and is created in a browser-supported programming language (such as the combination of JavaScript, HTML and CSS) and relies on a web browser to render the application. It is more than a website It is a client server application A Web site simply delivers content from static files A Web application presents dynamically content based on request parameters, tracked user behaviors, and security considerations.

TCP/IP The Internet protocol suite is the computer networking model and communications protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP, because its most important protocols, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), were the first networking protocols defined in this standard. TCP/IP provides end-to-end connectivity specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination.

Web Servers The term web server, also written as Web server, can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software (the computer application) that helps to deliver web content that can be accessed through the Internet.

Web Servers The most common use of web servers is to host websites, but there are other uses such as gaming, data storage, running enterprise applications, handling email, FTP, or other web uses.

How to build Web Applications? There are many books and tutorials available Some are quick and easy while others gives deeper information Web Page Design Resources HTML, CSS, JavaScript etc. Website Design Resources We have fewer resources over net than web page design Protocols, WWW structure, Architectures, Web Application Design Resources There are three main categories of resources Technical Overview: Describe terminology and technology in broad terms, good for managers, executives, not enough info. To build a serious web application In Depth technical resources: over specific platform, how and what to do, teach programmers about specific platform. Reference Books: Such books are useful, naturally, as references, but not for the purpose of learning about the technology

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