Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved CHOICE AND CHANGE The Psychology of Personal Growth and Interpersonal Relationships, 7 th ed. by April O’Connell, Vincent O’Connell, and Lois-Ann Kuntz Chapter 10 THE PSYCHOTHERAPIES Many Types, Many Applications ISBN : Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Chapter 10 THE PSYCHOTHERAPIES By the end of this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Differentiate the three major approaches to therapy 2.Describe Freud’s psychoanalytic approach 3.Describe how Rogers’ client centered approach differs from Freud’s psychoanalytic approach 4.State the contributions of Perls’ gestalt therapy approach 5.State the advantages of the group therapies, such as transactional analysis and peer-support groups 6.State the contributions of the behavioral therapies 7.State why it is important to become therapy literate 8.State the contributions of the cognitive therapies Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

THE NEED FOR THERAPY LITERACY Why you should know about the many psychotherapies: 1.Not all therapies are right for all situations. 2.Not all therapists are appropriate for all perspective clients. 3.An overview of the most common will enable you to choose the right situation for you or for someone you know when the need arises. Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Group therapy Family therapy Play therapy Art therapy Hot line Medication Therapy on-line Use of humor Behavior Modification Journal writing Bibliotherapy Biofeedback

Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved THREE BASIC APPROACHES TO PSYCHOTHERAPY Assumptions, Aims of Therapy, and Theorists To uncover inner conflict To eliminate symptoms To combine both - Gain insight into self insight and - behavior therapy Discuss conflicts openly If symptoms gone, so Get rid of negative --and they are catharsized is the problem thinking Sigmund Freud Wolpe’s deconditioning Albert Ellis’ RET Rogers’ client-centered therapy Behavior modification Aaron Beck Frederick Perls’ gestalt therapy Biofeedback training Eliminate - irrational beliefs, -Transactional analysis negative self-talk Peer-support groups Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

FREUD’S MEDICAL MODEL versus ROGERS’ NON-MEDICAL MODEL Freud saw himself as a physician Rogers called himself a counselor He diagnosed patient’s neurosis He viewed himself as a consultant Treated through psychoanalysis Listened and reflected client’s feelings AIM: Uncover unconscious conflict AIM: Foster client’s center-of-growth Psychoanalysis involves: Client-centered therapy involves: Hypnosis Warm environmental climate Free Association Listening with empathy Dream Interpretation Reflecting and clarifying Individual sessions Worked with growth groups Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS The ADULT-EGO state is the cool and logical part of the personality. Like Freud’s ego, the adult-ego state mediates between the child’s “I want... I want...” and the parent’s eternal “No !... No !... No!” The PARENT-EGO state is the introjected frowns, admonitions, warnings, finger-waggings, and other parental gestures and expressions, such as “You can’t”...!” “You shouldn’t..! “ “You mustn’t..!” The CHILD-EGO state is made up of all the feelings of the child, including smiles, laughter, crying, tears, joyous hopping, leaping up, and “I want.. I want... I want... “ AIM OF THERAPY is not to deny any of the ego states (we can’t anyway) but to use them appropriately. Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

BEHAVIOR THERAPIES: Wolpe’s Deconditioning Therapy Behavior therapies act on the following assumptions: 1. Insight alone does not necessarily eliminate the problem 2. The etiology of the problem may never be discovered: For example: -- Baby Albert would probably never know why he had a phobia about -- - white, furry things. 3. Insight therapy is needlessly lengthy and expensive. 4. Personality problems are simply a complex of learned maladaptive behaviors. 5. If the personality problems are learned, they - - can be un-learned. Joseph Wolpe’s deconditioning therapy: He presents the client’s hierarchy of fears under conditions of - complete relaxation. Excellent for simple phobias Sometimes eliminated in two or three sessions Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

COGNITIVE THERAPY: Albert Ellis THE ABCDEFG STEPS of Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) G = GOAL Client accepts young man’s -- invitation to go out on a date F = FEELINGS Client begins to -- value herself as attractive E = EFFECT Client discards irrational belief she is un-dateable -- D = DISPUTATION Therapist challenges - her irrational belief she is undateable -- C = CONSEQUENCE Client thinks she’ll drop class B = BEHAVIOR Client panics although she likes the young man A = ACTIVATING EVENT Young man shows interest in client START HERE Copyright © by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved