Greece By Marisa Swift

n The first government the Athens had was called Oligarchy. The word Oligarchy means a type of government in which a small group of citizens control decision-making. In a democracy, every citizen is allowed to vote on government issues. There were large meetings to discuss and vote upon important decisions. Democracy combines two Greek words and means “ruled by the people” The leaders of each Greek city-state had to be citizens of their polis. Woman were not allowed to be citizens. They only had few rights. Monarchy: Single ruler Oligarchy: Small group of richest, most powerful citizens controlling decision making Democracy: Ruled by the people An assembly of citizens voted on issues that concerned their city Pericles arranged for those who held office or served on a jury to be paid. This let farmers and other poor citizens take part in their government. Government

The Persian War The Persian War was fought around 479B.C. to around 500B.C. Greece’s three victories were in Marathon in 490B.C., Salamis in 480B.C., and Mycale in 479B.C. The Greeks defeated the Persian Empire in 470B.C. What helped the Athens defeat the Persian Empire, was a large and powerful navy of Athens. The Peloponnesian War Sparta and Maceclonia were partners in the Peloponnesian League The Peloponnesian war started in 431B.C. Sparta and its allies attacked the Athenians first The Athenians war strategy was that they had a powerful navy that continued to control the Aegean Sea. Sparta's war strategy was to form a union with their allies, which they called the Peloponnesian Legue. The Spartan army fought by land. The Anthenian navy fought by sea. One-third of Athens population died because they didn't have a strong leader to guide them. The Anthenian navy made many mistakes. Once, they went to attack Sicily, and many lives were lost and the navy grew weaker. Sparta cut off the grain supply from the Black Sea farms. Citizens starved, so Athens surrendered in 404 B.C. The Peloponnesian war lasted 27 years. Empire Empire

n Phillip II Macedonia was a powerful kingdom in Northern Greece. King Phillips II was the king of Macedonia. King Phillips II had a secret desire to rule all of Greece. King Phillips gave each soldier of his army a 18-foot-long sharp spear, organized them into little units called phalanxes, and let them ride on horses to gain control of Greece. In 338 B.C. King Phillip defeated the Greeks. King Phillip got assassinated at his daughter’s wedding. Alexander the Great then took King Phillip’s place as king. Alexander the Great Alexander the Great conquered and created his empire between 331 B.C. and 323 B.C. Alexander led his troops east, until they reached the Indus River valley. His soldiers had enough and forced their leader to go back to Greece. When they were in Babylon, Alexander became ill and died. Alexander was 33 years when he died. The affects in culture of Alexander’s Conquest: Learning- Libraries contained half a million- papyrus rolls. They were running out, so librarians were always looking for more. Inspectors had t search all arriving ships for written works until copies could be made. The Greek language was spread, because of the Greek writing, since it attracted scholars from across the vast empire. Religion of the Greek gods and goddesses was spread, because Alexandria had many temples that included statues of the Greek gods to honor them Greek ideas blended with African and Asian traditions produced Hellenism. Hellenism was good because you learned more and it encouraged art. Great Kings Of Greece