Animal Kingdom

Features that Animals Share They are heterotrophs (can not make their own food) Can perform rapid, complex movements Multicellular Sexually reproduce Absence of a cell wall Tissues – specialized function

Most Have Symmetry Radial symmetry – body parts arranged around a central axis Bilateral symmetry – body design with distinct right and left halves Asymmetrical – irregular in shape

Phylum Porifera (Sponges) Multicellular marine animals Don’t move (anchored to rocks or the bottom) Asymetrical symmetry Internal skeletons of spicules Pores that water flows through for feeding Single opening for outgoing water

Phylum Cnidarians Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones Have stinging cells Marine and freshwater animals Radial symmetry Two body forms: polyps and medusa (free swimming) Two layers of cells that are tissues

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Flat body with single opening Bilateral symmetry Many are parasites (live off of another animal) Tapeworms and flukes

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Tube within a tube body Two openings (mouth, anus) Simplest digestive system Some free living and some parasitic Hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

Phylum Mollusca Bilateral symmetry Three part body plan: Visceral mass – the organs Mantle – an outer layer of heavy tissue Foot – muscle used for locomotion Organ systems: digestion, excretion, circulation, respiration, and reproduction

Phylum Mollusca Shell One – snails Two – clams None – slug Radula – (except bivalves) a rasping tongue-like organ for scraping Cephalopods – most intelligent of invertabrates

Phylum Mollusca Snails Slugs Octopus Squid Clams Mussels Oysters

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Fossils found in rock that is 530 million years old Has digestive, excretory, circulatory, and locomotive organs

Phylum Annelida Has a primitive brain Has a nerve cord that runs along the underside Have bristles called setae to help them move Earthworms and leeches

Phylum Arthopoda Jointed appendages Segmentation Head with compound eyes Exoskeleton (outside) Respiratory structures Open circulatory system Some have wings

Phylum Arthopoda Class Diplopoda – millipedes Class Chilopoda – centipedes Class Insects – 3 segments, 3 legs Grasshopper – chewing/biting mandible Mosquito – piercing/sucking mandible Fly – sponging/lapping mandible

Phylum Arthopoda Class Arachnida – 2 segments, 8 legs Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites Carnivores except for mites Some are poisonous

Phylum Arthopoda Subphylum Crustacae – 2 segments, 5 pairs of legs Molt or shed their exoskeleton to grow Respiration with gills Two pairs of antennae Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, pill bugs

Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin Endoskeleton Five-part radial symmetry Water-vascular system No head or brain Tube feet Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

Phylum Chordata Notochord that develops along the back of the embryo Have a single hollow nerve chord down their back Not all develop into backbones

Vertebrates Chordates with a backbone Endoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Two pairs of jointed appendages Complex brains and sense organs Closed circulatory system with a chambered heart Organ systems: nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, excretory

Vertebrates Classes Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish Bony fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Jawless Fish Gill slits Single loop blood cirulation No jaws No scales No paired fins Cartilage skeleton Example: Lamprey

Cartilaginous Fish Has a jaw Has paired fins Reinforced cartilage skeleton Rough tooth-like scales Gill slits Examples: sharks and rays

Bony fish Gill covers Has a jaw Has paired fins Bony skeleton Lateral line Swim bladder Scales Examples: most fish, 95% of fish

Amphibians Adapted to land Legs Lungs (some skin breathing) Double loop circulation Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently Need water to reproduce Eggs are not watertight, no shell Metamorphosis – tadpole to adult Ectothermic – body temperatures change Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders

Reptiles Adapted to land Legs have scales, watertight skin Lungs Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently Eggs have a leathery shell Ectothermic – body temperatures change Examples: turtles, lizards

Reptiles Dinosaurs were reptiles Four living lines: Turtles Snakes and lizards Crocodiles and alligators Tuataras

Birds Largest group of terrestrial vertebrates Beaks Wings Hollow bones Feathers Scales on their legs Endodermic – constant body temperature Eggs have hard, watertight shells

Birds Beaks and legs differ according to use: Birds of prey Songbirds Water birds Flightless birds

Mammals Hair Diverse and specialized teeth Endothermic Mammary glands Unborn young nourished by a placenta

Mammals Reproduce in three ways: Monotremes – Lay eggs then feed milk Marsupials – Feed in a pouch Placental – Unborn young nourished by a placenta

Placental Mammals Orders Rontentia – mice, guinea pigs Chiroptera – bats Insectivora – shrew Carnivora – flesh-eating Pinnipedia – marine carnivores Primate – monkeys and apes

Placental Mammals Orders Artiodactyla – split hooves Perissodactyla – odd number of toes, horses Cetacea – whales and dolphins Lagomorpha – rabbits Sirenia – manatees Probiscidea – elephants