BELLRINGER How does atomic mass differ from atomic number? (Atomic mass is all the particles that make up an atom such as, the protons, neutrons and electrons; atomic number is the number of protons.)

ECOLOGY Clarifying Objective: 8. L.3 : Understand how organisms interact with and respond to the biotic and abiotic components of their environment. 8. L.3.1 : Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter and space affect populations in an ecosystem.

What is ECOLOGY? Ecology is the scientific study of interactions of organisms with one another and with the physical and chemical environment. Standards: 8.L.3.1 Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter, and space affect populations in an ecosystem. 8.L.3.2 Summarize the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers including the positive and negative consequences of such interactions including: coexistence and cooperation competition (predator/prey) parasitism mutualism 8.L.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter (including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen).

8.L.3.1 Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter, and space affect populations in an ecosystem. Energy can change from one form to another in living things. Organisms get energy from oxidizing their food, releasing some of its energy as thermal energy. Almost all food energy comes originally from sunlight. In all environments, organisms with similar needs may compete with one another for limited resources, including food, space, water, air, and shelter. A habitat is the place where an organism lives out its life. Organisms of different species use a variety of strategies to live and reproduce in their habitats. Habitats can change, and even disappear, for an area. Each species is unique in satisfying all its needs; each species occupies a niche. A niche is the role and position a species has in its environment—how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces. A species’ niche includes all its interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts of its habitats.

Unit 1 Vocabulary Biotic - Of or having to do with life or living organisms. Abiotic- consists of non-living things. Ecosystem - A community of living and non living things together in a specific location. The everglades is an example of a large ecosystem. Biotic/Abiotic Factors What are abiotic and biotic factors?

Study of Habitats 8.L.3.1 Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter, and space affect populations in an ecosystem. 8.L.3.2 Summarize the relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers including the positive and negative consequences of such interactions including: coexistence and cooperation competition (predator/prey) parasitism mutualism 8.L.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter (including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen).

Amusement Park Activity Abiotic and Biotic Factors - You are a scientist who is studying the ecosystem of an amusement park. List all the abiotic and biotic factors in this ecosystem. Identify at least five relationships. Identify how a change in one abiotic factor would impact other factors in the amusement park ecosystem.

Vocabulary Biotic and Abiotic Factors Biotic and abiotic factors are interrelated. If one factor is changed or removed, it impacts the availability of other resources within the system. Biotic Factors Biotic, meaning of or related to life, are living factors. Plants, animals, fungi, protist and bacteria are all biotic or living factors. Abiotic Factors Abiotic, meaning not alive, are nonliving factors that affect living organisms. Environmental factors such habitat (pond, lake, ocean, desert, mountain) or weather such as temperature, cloud cover, rain, snow, hurricanes, etc. are abiotic factors. A System Biotic and abiotic factors combine to create a system or more precisely, an ecosystem. An ecosystem is a community of living and nonliving things considered as a unit. The Impact of Changing Factors If a single factor is changed, perhaps by pollution or natural phenomenon, the whole system could be altered. For example, humans can alter environments through farming or irrigating. While we usually cannot see what we are doing to various ecosytems, the impact is being felt all over. For example, acid rain in certain regions has resulted in the decline of fish population.

Biotic/Abiotic Factors Species, Population, Community, Ecosystem Energy Producer Consumer Decomposers Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Food Chain Food Web

. ABIOTIC Non -living (Never lived) Are not DEAD Sand Air Metal can Temperature Water Sunlight Landforms Carbon dioxide BIOTIC Living or once lived Can be DEAD! Plants Animals Fungi Bacteria Pine Cone Mushrooms Fruits Vegetables Fur

What makes you a living thing (Biotic) Respiration Reproduction Growth Obtain Energy Respond to Stimuli

Ecosystem An ecosystem refers to all the living organisms and their non-living environment within a given area. Note that this definition includes two components; the living component which consists of the animals, plants and microbes, and the non-living component which refers to the air, water, rocks, soil and weather. There is no limit to how large or small an ecosystem can be. An ecosystem can be as large as an ocean or as small as a puddle. Very large ecosystems are known as biomes. An important point to recognize about ecosystems is the interaction between a grouping of plants and animals and their non-living environment and how the two strive to achieve a balance.

Ecosystems and Prey Video help/biology/living-organism-and- environment/factors-affecting-ecosystem.aspx

8.L.3.1 Explain how factors such as food, water, shelter, and space affect populations in an ecosystem. Biomes m rey/index.html m rey/index.html nimals/kidscorner/animaldiet/omnivore.htm nimals/kidscorner/animaldiet/omnivore.htm

Limiting Factors

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Kingdoms and Organisms Animals Characteristics Cells do not have a cell wall. Multicellular and feed on other organisms. Examples: All multicellular animals, including: jellyfish, worms, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, fish, amphibia, reptiles, birds and mammals

Kingdoms and Organisms Plants Characteristics Cells have a cellulose cell wall. They use light energy to produce food by photosynthesis. Examples: All green plants, including: algae, ferns and mosses (plants that do not produce seeds); conifers and flowering plants (plants that do produce seeds)

Kingdoms and Organisms Fungi Characteristics: Cells have chitin cell walls. Reproduce using spores rather than seeds. Examples: Moulds, mushrooms, yeast

Kingdoms and Organisms Prokaryotes Characteristics: Have a cell wall but not made from cellulose. Cells have no nucleus. Examples: Bacteria, blue-green algae

Kingdoms and Organisms Protoctists Characteristics: Exist as single cells or colonies of single cells. Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium