The Gospel 2015 Edition

God is the only God. There are no other gods. Deuteronomy 4:39, Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 44:6, Isaiah 45:18, Jeremiah 10:10

God speaks to us through the Bible. See Scriptures under God’s children.

The Bible is full of God’s words. 2 Timothy 3:16-17

The Bible tells us about God and what God is like.

All God’s words are true. See Scriptures*

Everything you will learn about God is from the Bible.

CREATION

God made all things out of nothing: angels, sun, moon, stars, the earth with land and sea, plants and trees, fish, birds and animals. Genesis 1, Psalm 104, Isaiah 45:12, Job 38:4-7, John 1:1-3, Revelation 4:11, Hebrews 11:3.

God made the first man. Genesis 2:7

God put Man in a garden on earth. Genesis 2:8

God said: "You can eat the fruit from all trees in the garden." Genesis 2:16

God said: "You must not eat fruit from this tree. This tree gives knowledge about good and evil. You will die." Genesis 2:17

Then God made the first woman. Genesis 2:18, 21-22

God made Man and Woman to be like Himself. Genesis 1:27, Genesis 5:22

God walked with Man and Woman in the garden. God talked to Man and Woman. Genesis 1:28, Genesis 2:16-18, Genesis 3:8-9

THE FALL

Satan was an angel. The angel thought too much of himself. The angel wanted to be equal with God. Isaiah 14:9-17, 1Timothy 3:6

So God threw the angel out of heaven to earth. Isaiah 14:9-17, Revelation 12:7-9

Satan used a snake. Genesis 3:1. After the humans disobeyed God, God announces a curse on the snake as an animal (verse 14), and then goes on to speak to Satan (verse 15). We thus believe that Satan spoke to the woman through the snake: Genesis 3: There are several accounts in the Bible where Satan used people and animals, for instance: John 13:26-27, Matthew 16:23, Revelation 12:9, Revelation 20:2.

Satan talked to Woman through the snake. Genesis 3:1

Satan lied to Woman: "You can eat fruit from this tree. The tree gives knowledge about good and evil. You will not die. You will know good and evil. You will be like God." Genesis 3:4-5

Woman chose to obey Satan. Woman ate the fruit. Woman did not obey God. Woman sinned. Genesis 3:3-6, 1 John 3:4

Man was there with Woman. Woman gave the fruit to Man. Genesis 3:6

Man chose to obey Satan. Man ate the fruit. Man sinned. Genesis 3:6, Genesis 3:18

Then Man and Woman realised: "We did not obey God." Genesis 3:7

Man and Woman hid from God. But God found Man and Woman. Genesis 3:8-10

God said: "You did not obey Me." God told the Man, Woman and snake that they will struggle on earth and then die. Genesis 3:13-19

A war started between God and Satan. God promised that one day He will win the war. Genesis 3:11, 14-15

God sent Man and Woman out of the garden. Genesis 3:23

SIN AND JUDGEMENT

Because Man and Woman sinned, all people born in the world sin. Romans 3:1-23, Romans 5:12-19

Now, sin keeps all people away from God. Isaiah 59:1-2, Colossians 1:21, Ephesians 2:12

Sin makes us blind and deaf to the truth about God. Matthew 13:14-15, 1 John 2:11, 2 Corinthians 4:3-4

All people in the world sinned a lot. Genesis 6:5

God hates sin. Psalm 5:4-5, Psalm 11:5, Jeremiah 12:8, Hosea 9:15

God was very sad about all the sin in the world. Genesis 6:6

So, God decided to send a flood. Genesis 6:17

God wanted to kill all the sinful people in the world. Genesis 6:17

There was only one man who loved and obeyed God, Noah. Genesis 6:9

God chose not to kill Noah and his family. Genesis 6:18

God told Noah to build a big ship (Ark) to save Noah and his family. Genesis 6:14-16

The big ship (Ark) took years to build. Genesis 5:32, Genesis 7:6

While Noah was building the Ark, he told people to stop sinning. 2 Peter 2:5

God sent a big flood to the earth. Genesis 7:11-12

All the people in the world drowned in the flood. Genesis 7:17-23

Noah and his family were saved from drowning. Genesis 7:23

The flood waters dried up. Genesis 8:13

Lots and lots of people were born from Noah’s family. Genesis 9:7

One of these people was a man named Abraham. Genesis 11: 27

Abraham and his wife Sarah could not have children. Genesis 15:2, Genesis 17:1, Hebrews 11:11-12

God said Abraham would have a son. Genesis 15:4

God said He would build a great nation from Abraham. Genesis 12:2

Abraham believed God. Hebrews 11:11

Abraham and Sarah had a son when they were very old named Isaac. Genesis 21:1-2

Lots of people were born through Isaac’s family. 1 Chronicles 1-2

One of these people was a man called Moses. Exodus 2:1-10

Moses grew to love and obey God. Exodus 2

God gave Moses laws to teach the people. Exodus 19-24, Leviticus, Joshua 22:5

God wanted all people to obey His laws. Exodus 19:5, Leviticus 18:4-5, 25:18, Deuteronomy 10:12, Proverbs 7:2

Sadly, people did not obey God’s laws. Jeremiah 11:8, Daniel 9:13, Isaiah 3:8, Hosea 1:2

People kept on sinning. Jeremiah 11:8, Daniel 9:13, Isaiah 3:8, Hosea 1:2

How do people sin?

People think: "God will not make us happy. Other Gods will make us happy.

Other things (false gods) will make us happy: money, jobs, education, our bodies, alcohol, drugs, food and many more." People waste their time, energy and talents on the false gods.

Exodus 20:2-5, Deuteronomy 10:12, Isaiah 44:9, Matthew 22:37, Romans 1:23, Romans 1:25, 1 Corinthians 10:14, Galatians 5:19-20, 1 John 5:21, Matthew 6:19-24, Colossians 3:5, 1 Timothy 6:10, Proverbs 20:1, Proverbs 23:29-35, 1 Corinthians 6:9-10, Galatians 5:19-21, Romans 6:16.

People think too much of themselves. People think: "We do not need God." Jeremiah 9:23-24, 17:5, Proverbs 16:5, Daniel 4:28- 37, Isaiah 31:1

People think: "We do not need God." People ask Satan: "Heal us. Protect us. Give us knowledge and advice." Deuteronomy 18:10-12, Leviticus 19:26-31, Isaiah 8:19-20, Isaiah 47:13-14, Psalm 32:8, Galatians 5:19-20, 1Timothy 4:1

God's name is the greatest name. But people misuse God’s name.

People use God's name as a curse word. People use God's name to make false promises. Exodus 20:7, Leviticus 19:12, Matthew 5:33-37

God said: "People must rest on a Sunday." But people work on a Sunday. Exodus 20:8, 31:15, 35:2

Children do not honor and respect their father and mother. Children do not obey their father and mother. Exodus 20:12, Deuteronomy 5:16, Proverbs 1:8, 30:17

People gossip. People say bad things about other people. People speak out other people's secrets. Exodus 23:1, Leviticus 19:16, Psalm 15:3, Proverbs 11:13, Proverbs 16:28, Proverbs 26:20, Jeremiah 6:28

People get angry. People fight and hurt each other. People kill each other. People kill themselves. Psalm 37:7-8, Psalm 11:5, Proverbs 6:16-19, Proverbs 27:4, Ecclesiastes 7:9, Romans 1:28-29, Galatians 5:19-21

A husband or wife has sex with someone else. Exodus 20:14, Romans 13:9, 1 Corinthians 6:9-10

A husband and wife get divorced. Deuteronomy 24:1-4, Malachi 2:16, Matthew 5:32, Mark 10:4-8

Women have sex with different men. Men have sex with different women. Leviticus 18:1-26, Romans 1:26-27, 1 Corinthians 6:9-19, 1Timothy1:8-10

Men have sex with men. Women have sex with women. Leviticus 18:1-26, Romans 1:26-27, 1 Corinthians 6:9-19, 1Timothy 1:8-10

People steal. People take things that belong to other people. Exodus 20:15, Leviticus 6:2, Psalm 62:10, Romans 13:9

People tell lies. Exodus 20:16, Leviticus 19:11, Proverbs 6:16-19

People want things that belong to other people. People want to look like other people. People want to live like other people. Exodus 20:17, Romans 1:28-29, Romans 13:9

God is Holy. Exodus 15:11, 1 Samuel 2:2, Isaiah 40:25, Isaiah 43:15

God hates sin. Psalm 5:5, Psalm 11:5, Leviticus 20:23, Proverbs 6:16-19, Hosea 9:15

God was very angry with all people’s sin. Psalm 75:8, Psalm 90:7-11, Nahum 1:2-6

God always does what is right. Deuteronomy 32:4, Psalm 9:16, Psalm 97:2, Daniel 4:37, Jeremiah 9:24

So, God must punish people who sin. Genesis 2:17, Deuteronomy 30:16-20, Psalm 90:7-9, Psalm 145:20, Psalm 146:9, Isaiah 59:18, Romans 6:23a, Galatians 6:8a

God did not want to punish people. Isaiah 59, Ezekiel 33:11, Hosea 11:1-11, Hosea 14:1-9, Jonah 4:2 Isaiah 57:15

God loves all people. Isaiah 59, Ezekiel 33:11, Hosea 11:1-11, Hosea 14:1-9, Jonah 4:2

God wanted a very close relationship with people. Deuteronomy 6:5, Isaiah1:1-4, Jeremiah 3:19-20, 31:31

God made people to love Him and each other. Deuteronomy 6:5, Leviticus 19:18, Jonah 4:11

When people did not obey God, they had to sacrifice animals to God (kill their best animals and give them to God). Leviticus 1:4, 4, Hebrews 9:13, Numbers 15:14- 16

When the animals were sacrificed, the people were not punished for their sin anymore. Leviticus 1:4, 4, Hebrews 9:13, 22

Sadly, all people still did not love or obey God. Jeremiah 7:21-18, 11:7, Micah 6:6-8, Ezekiel 36:6-7

People did not make the animal sacrifices the way God asked. Malachi 1:6-8

All people needed a new heart that could obey God and love others. Ezekiel 11:18-20, 36:24-28

JESUS

So, God the Father promised to send God the Son, Jesus Christ to be a sacrifice for the sin of all the people in the world. Isaiah 7:14, 9:6, 53, Zachariah 9:9

God the Father sent God the Son to earth. God the Son willingly left heaven. John 3:13, John 6:32-44, John 17:18, 20:21

God chose a woman. Her name was Mary. Luke 1:26-33

The Spirit of God made Mary pregnant with God the Son - Jesus. Matthew 1:18-23, Luke 1:35

Jesus was a normal human being. Matthew 13:53-57, Mark 6:1-3, Luke 2:39-41, John 1:1-14, Hebrews 2:17

Jesus was also fully God. John 1:1-16, Colossians 1:15-19, 2:9

Jesus only spoke the truth. John 1: 14, John 14:6, John 8:31-32, 18:37*

Jesus taught the people about God. God the Father told Jesus what to say. Matthew 4:23, Matthew 13:34-35, John 3:34, John 13:13, John 12:49

Jesus said: “All people sin.” John 3:19, 7:7, 1 John 1:5-8

All people obey Satan from birth. Psalm 51:5, Jeremiah 17:9, Acts 26:12-18, Ephesians 2:1-2, 1 John 3:8, 1 John 5:19

God destroys people who sin. Psalm 90:7-9, Psalm 145:20, Psalm 146:9, Isaiah 59:18, Romans 6:23a, Galatians 6:8a

God throws people who sin into hell. Luke 12:5, Mark 9:48, Luke 16:19-26, 2 Thessalonians 1:8-10, Revelation 21:8

Hell is a pit of fire. The fire in hell burns forever. People in hell will feel terrible pain forever. People in hell will never be with God. 2 Thessalonians 1:8-10

Jesus said: "God does not want to punish you." John 3:16

Jesus said: "God loves you." John 3:16

Jesus said: "So, God the Father sent Me to earth." John 3:13, John 12:49, John 17:6-8

Jesus said: "I will die on a cross." Matthew 20:17-19, Matthew 26:1-2, Mark 8:31- 32

Jesus said: "Three days later, I will live." Matthew 20:17-19, Mark 8:31-32, John 10:18

Jesus said: "Only I can forgive you. Then God the Father will accept you. You must just trust Me." Mark 2:1-12, John 5:24, John 8:24, John 14:6, Acts 4:12, Romans 10:13, 1 Timothy 2:5-6

Jesus said: "Love God and love people." Matthew 5:43-47, Mark 12:30-31

Jesus said: "Tell everyone about me. Teach people how to obey me." Matthew 28:16-20, Luke 24:47

Jesus said: "I will go back to God the Father in heaven." John 14:2; 12, John 20:17

Jesus said: "One day I will come back to earth." Matthew 24:27, Matthew 25:31, Matthew 26:64, Luke 21:27, John 14:1-3

Jesus said: "Then I will judge all people. I will judge people who are still alive. And I will judge people who have died." Matthew 16:27, Matthew 25:31-32, John 5:22;27;30, John 5:27, John 12:44-48, Romans 2:5-6, Romans 2:16, 2 Timothy 4:1

“The people who trusted me will become new people.” Ezekiel 11:6, 36:26, John 3:3

“The people who trusted me will go to heaven.” Matthew 25:31-40, John 5:24-29, John 6:57-58, John 14:2, Romans 2:6-7, 1 Thessalonians 4:16- 17, Revelation 21, Revelation 22:1-5

“The people who trusted Me, will live with God forever." Matthew 25:31-40, John 5:24-29, John 6:57-58, John 14:2, Romans 2:6-7, 1 Thessalonians 4:16- 17, Revelation 21, Revelation 22:1-5

Jesus said: "The people who did not trust Me, will go to hell." Matthew 13:36-43, 25:31-46, John 8:24

Jesus made sick people healthy. Matthew 4:23, Matthew 8:14-15, Mark 3:10, Luke 5:15

Jesus made blind people see. John 9:1-7, Mark 8:23-25

Jesus made a deaf man hear. Mark 7:32-37

Jesus made lame people walk. Mark 2:1-12, John 5:1-9

Jesus told the spirits of Satan to go out of people. Matthew 8:28-34, Matthew 15:21-28, Mark 1:34, Mark 9:16-27

Jesus made dead people alive. Mark 5:35-43, Luke 7:11-15

Jesus calmed a storm. Mark 4:35-41

Jesus walked on water. Mark 6:47-50

Jesus always obeyed God the Father. Luke 22:41-42, John 17:1-4, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Philippians 2:6-8, Hebrews 4:15, Hebrews 5:8

Many people hated Jesus. Many people wanted to kill Jesus. Matthew 26:3-4, Matthew 27:1, John 7:7, John 15, John 10:31-33

The people told the government: "Jesus is a criminal." Matthew 26:47-55, Luke 23:1-25

The people told the government: "Kill Jesus on a cross." Matthew 27:22, Luke 23:20-21

The government soldiers hit Jesus. The soldiers made fun of Jesus. Matthew 27:27-31, Luke 22:63-65

The soldiers nailed Jesus to a cross. John 19:18

God the Father punished Jesus for our sin. God the Father saw our sins when He looked at Jesus. Isaiah 53:4-12, Romans 4:25, Romans 8:32, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Galatians 1:4, Colossians 2:14, 1 Peter 2:24, 1 Peter 3:18

God the Father crushed His son. Jesus suffered. Isaiah 53:10, Matthew 26:39, John 18:11, What is the cup of God's wrath? We find the answer in several bible verses: Deuteronomy 28:20-20, Deuteronomy 29:20, Psalm 75:8, Psalm 90:7- 9;11, Jeremiah 25:15-16, Nahum 1: 6-8, Habakkuk 2:16, Acts 2:24, Galatians 3:13, 1 Peter 3:18

God the Father left His Son alone on the cross. The Word teaches us that God cannot look at sin: Isaiah 59:2, Micah 3:4, Habakkuk 1:13. When Jesus became sin for us, God also turned away from Jesus: Matthew 27:46. One has to understand the special relationship that exists between God the Father and His Son to comprehend how terrible it must have been for Jesus when His father left Him alone: John 12:49, John 17:21, Colossians 1:19

Jesus died. Mark 15:37, Luke 23:46, 1 Peter 3:18

Jesus was buried. Matthew 27:57-60, John 19:38-42, 1 Corinthians 15:3-4

Three days later God the Father made Jesus alive. Matthew 28:1-8, Acts 2:24, Romans 1:4, Romans 6:9-10, 1 Corinthians 15:3-4, 1 Peter 3:18

Jesus won the war over Satan. Matthew 28:16-20, Mark 12:23-33, 1 John 3:8, John 16:33, Romans 6:9-10, Colossians 2:15, Colossians 4:13, Hebrews 2:14-15, 1 John 3:8

Jesus appeared to people who trusted Him. Matthew 28:16-17, Mark 16:14, Luke 24:33-37, John 20:19-20, Acts 1:3, 1 Corinthians 15:5-7

Then Jesus went into the sky. Jesus went back to God the Father in heaven. Mark 16:19, Acts 1:9-11, Acts 2:32-33, 1Timothy 3:16

God the Father made Jesus, King. Acts 2:36, Philippians 2:5-11, Colossians 1:15-20

Jesus sent God's Spirit to the people who trusted Him. The Spirit of God lived in them. Luke 24:49, John 14:16-17*, John 14:26, Acts 2:1-13, Acts 2:32-33, Acts 4:31, Romans 5:5, 1 Corinthians 3:16

These people told everyone about Jesus. Acts 1:7-8, Acts 4:31, Acts 5:42, Acts 8:25

Some of the people who heard about Jesus, realised: "I disobeyed God. I am so sorry. I cannot do anything to save myself." Acts 16:13-15, Romans 3:10-23, 5:12, Galatians 2:21, Ephesians 2:8-10, Colossians 2:14

"God the Father punished Jesus for my sins. Only Jesus can forgive my sins. God the Father will accept me because of Jesus."

John 8:24, John 14:6, Acts 4:12, Romans 3:21-28, Romans 5:1, Romans 5:9, Romans 5:11, Romans 5:18, Romans 8:1-4, Romans 8:34, Romans 10:1-4, 2 Corinthians 5:17-18, 2 Corinthians 5:21, Ephesians 1:7, Ephesians 2:13, Colossians 2:14, Colossians 4:13, 1 Timothy 2:5-6, Titus 3:7, Hebrews 4:15-16, Revelation 1:5-6

“Jesus is King. Jesus rules over everything." Acts 2:36-41, Philippians 2:5-11, Colossians 1:15- 20, Revelation 1:5-6

"I want to stop obeying Satan. I only want to do things that will make King Jesus happy." 2 Corinthians 5:14-15, 12:9, Acts 5:29, Colossians 3:17, Galatians 2:20, 5:24-25

Because they trusted Jesus, Satan did not control them anymore. Romans 6:9-10, Colossians 2:15 Jesus, Colossians 4:13, Hebrews 2:14-15, Titus 2:13-14, 1 John 3:8-9, 1 John 5:3-5

Because they trusted Jesus, God the Father saw them with no sin.

Because they trusted Jesus, God the Father did not judge them guilty of sin anymore.

Because they trusted Jesus, God the Father accepted them.

John 3:18, John 5:24, Romans 3:21-28, Romans 5:1, Romans 5:9, Romans 8:1-4, Romans 8:34;37, 2 Corinthians 5:17-18, Ephesians 1:7, Ephesians 2:4-8, Ephesians 2:13, Titus 3:7, Revelation 1:5-6

God gave them a new heart. God gave them His Spirit. The Spirit of God lived in them!

They became God's children. They could now love God and each other.

John 1:12-13, John 1:32-34, John 3:1-7, Romans 5:5, Romans 8:2-17, 2 Corinthians 5:17, 6:16-18, Galatians 3: 14, Ephesians 4:23-30, Colossians 2:13-14, 1 John 3:1, 1 John 3:9, 1 John 3:24, 1 John 4:7, 1 John 5:1

GOD’S CHILDREN

God’s children can talk to God. Luke 11:1-4, Philippians 4:6, Ephesians 6:18, 1 Thessalonians 5:17

The Spirit of God talks to God's children when they read the Bible. The Spirit of God talks to God's children in their thoughts.

The Spirit of God talks to God's children in dreams. The Spirit of God talks to God's children in visions.

The Spirit of God talks to God's children through other believers. The Spirit of God tells other believers to tell God's children things.

John 14:26, John 16:13, 1 Corinthians 2:9-10, 2 Timothy 3:16-17, 1 Corinthians 12:3-11, The Bibles teaches that the Spirit of God communicates with believers in dreams and visions, as well as through the prophesies: Acts 2:17-18, Acts 16:6-10, Ephesians 3:1-6, 2 Peter 1:20-21, Acts 10:1-21. The Spirit of God speaks through other Believers. The Spirit spoke to a group of Jews through Stephen, and through Agabus: Acts 6:8-10, Acts 11:27-28, Acts 21: The Spirit of God talks directly to believers. Believers often describe it as a "quiet voice": Acts 8:26-35.

The Spirit of God makes God's children more and more like Jesus. Romans 12:2. These Scriptures communicate that regeneration through the Holy Spirit is a gradual, life long process: 1 Corinthians 3:1-2, Colossians 3:10, Ephesians 4:12-15, Philippians 3:12-16, Hebrews 5:11-14, 2 Peter 3:18.

God's children get to know God more and more. God's children think about what God wants. God's children love God more and more. This means they obey God. God's children love people more and more.

John 8:32, Romans 5:5, Romans 6:19-22, Romans 8:5-6; 13, Romans 12:2, 1 Corinthians 2:10-12, 12:3-11, 2 Corinthians 3:5, Ephesians 1:15-23, 3:14-21, Colossians 1:3-10, Colossians 3:10, Colossians 3:12-17, Philippians 2:13, 1 Peter 1:2, 2 Peter 3;1-4

God's children tell everyone about Jesus. God's children teach people how to obey Jesus. Romans 1:16, Romans 10:14-17, 2 Corinthians 5:18-20, Philippians 2:14-16, Colossians 1:28

God’s children baptise people. Matthew 28:16-20, Mark 16:14-18

God’s children use the Holy Spirit’s power to heal people. 1 Corinthians 12: 9, Mark 16:18

God’s children use the Holy Spirit’s power to speak new languages they never learned. 1 Corinthians 14, Mark 16:17

God’s children use the Holy Spirit’s power to understand new languages. 1 Corinthians 14:13

God’s children use the Holy Spirit’s power to send Satan’s spirit out of people. Mark 16:17, Acts 5:16, 8:7, 19:12

But Satan still wants God's children to obey him. 2 Corinthians 2:8-11, Ephesians 6:10-12, Galatians 5:17, 1 Thessalonians 3:5, James 4:7

Satan lies to God's children. John 8:44, 1 Timothy 4:1, 1 Peter 5:8

But Jesus gives God's children power to fight off Satan. Jesus won the war over Satan. Matthew 28:18, John 16:33, Romans 8:38-39, Ephesians 6:10-18, 1 Corinthians 10:13, 2 Corinthians 10:3-5, Colossians 2:15, Titus 2:13- 14, James 4:7, 1 John 5:3-5

Sometimes God's children believe Satan's lies and obey Satan again.

Then they tell God the Father: "I am sorry. Please forgive me. I also forgive people who hurt me."

Matthew 6:9-14, 18:21-35, Luke 18:10-14, Romans 8:34-37, Ephesians 4:22, Hebrews 4:15- 16, Hebrews 7:25, James 4:8-10, 1 John 1:9

God's children have many problems on earth, but Jesus helps them through every problem. Psalm 23, Matthew 10:19, Mark 13:13, John 16:33, Romans 8:31; 35-39, 2 Corinthians 1:3-6, 11:24-29, 12:9, Hebrews 13:5

God's children are not scared to die. God’s children will get new bodies after they die.

God’s children know they will go to heaven when they die. God’s children know they will live with God forever.

John 3:16, John 5:24, 1 Corinthians 15:35-57, 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17, Philippians 3:20-21, Titus 3:7, 1 John 5:13, Revelation 21: 1-7; 10; 21-27, Revelation 22:1-5

Our God is very great! Psalm 95:3, 145:3

Our God is the only God. Mark 12:29, John 17:3, 1 Timothy 1:17, Jude 1:25.

There are no other gods that can make us into new people who live forever!

Our God is three persons in one. God is Father, Son and Spirit.

Reference to God as plural: Genesis 1:26, Matthew 3: Reference to the Father as God: John 6:27. See John 17 below. Reference to Jesus Christ as God: Colossians 1:15-16, Colossians 2:9, John 1: 1-14, 1 Corinthians 3:16, Acts 2:38. Reference to the Trinity: Matthew 28:19, John 14:1-11, John 7:37-39, John 16: 4-15, John 17:1-26, John 8: 18, Acts 5:1-6, 1 Corinthians 2:10-1.