Global Navigation Satellite Systems Progress through Cooperation Jason Y. Kim, Senior Advisor 13th IAIN World Congress Stockholm, Sweden -- October 28, 2009

GPS is a Critical Component of the Global Information Infrastructure 2 Satellite Operations Satellite Operations Power Grids Personal Navigation Personal Navigation Communications Aviation Fishing & Boating Fishing & Boating Oil Exploration Trucking & Shipping Surveying & Mapping Precision Agriculture Disease Control

Keys to the Global Success of GPS Program Stability and Performance Policy Stability and Transparency Private Sector Entrepreneurship and Investment 3

4 The Global Positioning System Baseline 24 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies Two types of service: –Standard (free of direct user fees) –Precise (U.S. and Allied military) Three segments: –Space –Ground control –User equipment

GPS Constellation Status 12 Block IIA 12 Block IIR 7 Block IIR-M –Transmitting new second civil signal U.S. Government continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need –Newest IIR-M satellites launched IIR-20 (M) 24 March 2009 IIR-21 (M) 17 August 2009 –Next launch: IIF ~ June Operational Satellites As of Oct 27, 2009 (Baseline Constellation: 24)

GPS Modernization Program 6 Block IIA/IIRBlock IIIBlock IIR-M, IIF Backward compatibility 4th civil signal (L1C) Increased accuracy Increased anti-jam power Assured availability Navigation surety Controlled integrity Increased security System survivability IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus 2nd civil signal (L2C) M-Code (L1M & L2M) IIF: IIR-M capability plus 3rd civil signal (L5) Anti-jam flex power Basic GPS Standard Service –Single frequency (L1) –Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation Precise Service –Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y) –Y-Code navigation Increasing System Capabilities  Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit

Recent GPS Accomplishments Second civil signal (L2C) –Designed to meet commercial needs –Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction –IIR-20(M) is broadcasting signal now Third civil signal (L5) –Designed to meet demanding requirements for safety-of-life transportation –Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band –IIR-20(M) is broadcasting L5 demo now 7

U.S. Policy Promotes Global Use of GPS Technology No direct user fees for civil GPS services –Provided on a continuous, worldwide basis Open, public signal structures for all civil services –Promotes equal access for user equipment manufacturing, applications development, and value- added services –Encourages open, market-driven competition Global compatibility and interoperability with GPS Service improvements for civil, commercial, and scientific users worldwide Protection of radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interference 8

9 U.S. Space-Based PNT Organization Structure WHITE HOUSE ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce GPS International Working Group Chair: State GPS International Working Group Chair: State Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation Engineering Forum Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation Ad Hoc Working Groups Defense Transportation State Interior Agriculture Commerce Homeland Security Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA

2009 Leadership & Personnel National Executive Committee Co-Chairs –Deputy Secretary of Defense: William J. Lynn, III –Deputy Secretary of Transportation: John D. Porcari National Coordination Office Staff –Director: Vacant –Deputy Director: Robert Hessin –Defense: Scott Boushell –Transportation: Ken Alexander –State: Maureen Walker –Commerce: Jason Kim, Knute Berstis –NASA: Brian Ramsay –Homeland Security: John Merrill* –Interior and Agriculture: Vacant –Contractors: David Vaughn, Steve Sidorek 10

National Space-Based PNT Advisory Board Independent experts from outside the U.S. Government –Including five international members Conducts assessments and makes recommendations in support of national policy goals and objectives Meetings open to the public; minutes published online Next meeting: November 5-6, 2009 (Alexandria, VA) 11

U.S. Objectives in Working with Other GNSS Service Providers Ensure compatibility ― ability of U.S. and non-U.S. space-based PNT services to be used separately or together without interfering with each individual service or signal –Radio frequency compatibility –Spectral separation between M-code and other signals Achieve interoperability ― ability of civil U.S. and non- U.S. space-based PNT services to be used together to provide the user better capabilities than would be achieved by relying solely on one service or signal –Primary focus on the common L1C and L5 signals Promote a level playing field in the global marketplace 12 U.S. pursuing through public sector cooperation, both bilateral and multilateral

13 International Public Sector Cooperation Bilateral –Europe –Russia –Japan –India –Others Multilateral –International Committee on GNSS –Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation –ICAO, IMO, ITU

U.S.–Europe Cooperation GPS-Galileo cooperation agreement signed in 2004 Four working groups established: –Compatibility/Interoperability –Trade –Next-Generation GNSS –Security Improved civil signal (“MBOC”) jointly adopted in 2007 Plenary meeting held Oct 2008 U.S. seeking EC authorization of commercial Galileo simulator sales 14

15 Other U.S. Bilateral Cooperation U.S.–Japan Joint Statement on GPS cooperation signed in 1998 –Established foundation for stable policy leading to Japan as a global leader in commercial GPS/GNSS markets –Japan’s Quasi Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) designed to be fully compatible and highly interoperable with GPS –U.S. working with Japan to set up QZSS monitoring stations in Hawaii and Guam in exchange for data access U.S.–Russia Joint Statement issued in 2004 –Negotiations for a U.S.–Russia Agreement on satellite navigation cooperation underway since late 2005 –Considering new civil CDMA signals to be interoperable with GPS/Galileo U.S.–India Joint Statement on GNSS Cooperation in 2007 –Important topic is ionospheric distortion/solutions to this phenomena –Technical meetings focused on GPS-IRNSS compatibility and interoperability held in 2008

16 International Committee on GNSS Promotes GNSS use and integration into infrastructures, particularly in developing countries Encourages system compatibility, interoperability Membership: GNSS providers, international organizations and associations Providers Forum –United States, Europe, Russia, China, India, Japan –Focused discussions on compatibility, interoperability Next meeting: May 2010 in Turin, Italy

Private Sector Competition U.S. encourages fair private sector competition in GNSS receiver and application markets –Leads to greater innovation, lower costs Fair competition means no preferential treatment for any particular company(s) –Equal (if not open) access to information and markets Freedom of choice desired for end users –Standards and other governmental measures should not effectively mandate use of one GNSS over another U.S. agreements with other GNSS providers include language on fair trade/open markets (non- discriminatory) 17

Summary GPS is highly dependable and its performance continues to improve U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations –Space-based PNT policy implementation continues to progress Policy stability and transparency improve industry confidence and investment As new systems emerge globally, public sector cooperation is the key to success for all 18

19 For Additional Information… GPS.govPNT.gov

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