Introduction to Play Activities

Definition of Play Definition of Play A transaction between the individual and the environment that is intrinsically motivated, internally controlled and free form many of the constraints of objective reality (Bundy, 1991) Play is recognized as a universal right for every child in the United Nations convention on the rights of the child (Save the Children Canada, 2000). UNICEF (2002)

Characteristics of play Characteristics of play Play is intrinsically motivated Play involve attention to the means rather than the ends Play is organism dominated rather than stimulus Play is non literal and simulative behavior Play requires active involvement of the players Play is free from externally imposed rules

Components responsible to make any activity a Play Components responsible to make any activity a Play Intrinsic motivation Internal control Suspension of reality

Typical Goals Of Play Enhance child’s self control, self-concept, and self-efficacy. Help child become aware of his or her feelings Have a place where child can feel safe in exploration of self Learn and practice self-control and alternative behaviors. Develop capacity to trust others. Develop capacity to relate to an adult in an open, positive and caring manner

Equipments for play Puppets Sand Play Games Doll Houses Almost any toys Paper and Crayons Cars and Trucks Toy guns and knives Costumes, dress-up Water play Sock Puppets Art - House Tree Person, Family Play Mobile Dolls Sensory equipments

What Are The Skills That A Child Develop Through Play? Language Physical Emotional Social Cognitive/Intellectual.

Types of play AgePlay Type Explanation Of The Stages Of Play During Child Development 0-2 YearsSolitaryHe plays alone. There is limited interaction with other children. 2 to 2 and half Years Onlooker Observe other children playing around him but will not play with them. 2 and half to 3 Years ParallelPlay alongside others but will not play together with them. 3-4 YearsAssociate Starts to interact with others in their play and there may be fleeting co-operation between in play. Develops friendships and the preferences for playing with some but not all other children. Play is normally in mixed sex groups. 4 – 6+ Years Co-operative /competitive Plays together with shared aims of play with others. Play may be quite difficult and he's supportive of other children in his play. As he reaches primary school age, play is normally in single sex groups.

Types Of Play(another classification) TypesCharacteristicsExamples Functional Play Repetition of movements when new skills are being learned, with or without objects. Infants and toddlers: grasping and pulling a mobile Preschoolers and kindergartners: repeating a pattern on a pegboard School-aged children: practicing throwing, catching, or doing acrobatics Symbolic Play Use of imagination and role play to transform the self and objects and to satisfy needs. Infants and toddlers: pretending to drink from a baby bottle Early symbolic play: mental representation that transforms one object for another. Preschoolers and kindergartners: pretending a block is a broken car and pretending to fix it Later symbolic play: mental representation that transforms self and objects School-aged children: using secret codes or made-up languages to communicate

Types of Play…….continue TypesCharacteristicsExamples Constructive Play Manipulation of objects or materials to make something. Combines functional play repetitive activity with symbolic representation of ideas. Occurs when children regulate their own creations or constructions. Preschoolers and kindergartners: constructing a hospital room for a sick animal School-aged children: creating an exhibit of a project just studied or designing virtual games and figure with electronic icons Games with Rules Activities with predetermined rules that are goal-oriented and often competitive with one or more individual. Infants and Toddlers: playing pat-a- cake with an adult Preschoolers and kindergartners: playing simple singing and circle games School-aged children: tag, marbles, hopscotch, or contests such as relay races