Imperialism & America's Rise To World Power

When a stronger nation takes control of a weaker nation. Imperialism When a stronger nation takes control of a weaker nation.

Reasons for US Expansion Included that the USA wanted: Expansionism Reasons for US Expansion Included that the USA wanted: 1. More Natural Resources 2. More Markets in which to sell goods More Military Bases and Power To spread Christianity

Colonialism Annexation Protectorate Control of a powerful nation over dependent territories Annexation To take over a territory/ country with plans of making it part of your own country Protectorate When a stronger nation agrees to “protect” a weaker nation

US IMPERIALISM OF THE LATE 1800’s Latin America: Monroe Doctrine guided US policy Alaska: US bought from Russia for $7.2 million Pacific: Missionaries were a strong influence US IMPERIALISM OF THE LATE 1800’s Africa: US pushed OPEN DOOR POLICY Mexico: US ousted the French (Benito Juarez)

U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA 1867, Sec. of State William Seward arranged for the purchase of Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million Many called it “Seward’s Icebox” & “Seward’s Folly” U.S. bought Alaska for 2 cents an acre Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, & oil Alaska

U.S. TAKES HAWAII Important economically to U.S. for centuries To avoid tariffs, sugar growers pleaded for annexation Value of the Islands – built a naval base at Pearl Harbor (1887) Led by Sanford Dole, U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 & it became a state in 1959

Wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Alfred Thayer Mahan: Wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History” Said if you have a modern & powerful navy, you will become a world power.

The Spanish-American War of 1898 Underlying Causes *Cuban desire for independence *Jose Marti Secondary Causes *Sugar Tariff *Yellow Press *Concentracion Camps Triggers *De Lome Letter *Sinking of the USS Maine Events in the Philippines *Admiral Dewey *Manila Bay Events in Cuba *T.R. & the Rough Riders *Santiago Bay

Yellow Journalism Type of journalism that used large headlines, sensational stories, & comics. The reporters often exaggerated their reports to get readers.

Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst Created the New York newspaper The World. Competed for readers & fans of Yellow Journalism William Randolph Hearst Published the New York newspaper The Journal.

De Lôme Letter Insulted President McKinley & caused many Americans to be upset with the Spanish gov’t!

U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES 1898, President McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home U.S. citizens in danger Feb. 15, 1898 - the ship blew up in the Havana Harbor 260+ men were killed Before After

Yellow Press blamed Spain for the explosion Yellow Press blamed Spain for the explosion. 78 years later, US Navy claimed that a malfunction in the ship’s boiler room caused the explosion.

War in the Philippines U.S. forces surprised Spain by attacking the Philippines 11,000 Americans joined forces with Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo

WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN Naval blockade of Cuba was followed by a land invasion, highlighted by TR’s Rough Rider victory at San Juan Hill Next, U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish fleet & paved the way for an invasion of Puerto Rico

TR Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders were the heroes of the US Army in Cuba More US soldiers died because of bad American meat ( “The Jungle”) than by Spanish bullets

US Navy destroyed the Spanish Navy at Manila Bay in the Philippines under Admiral George Dewey. We also destroyed the Spanish Atlantic Fleet at Santiago Bay, Cuba.

U.S. Wins!!!!! U.S. & Spain signed an armistice, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war” The war lasted only 16 weeks Treaty of Paris, 1898

Treaty of Paris December 1898 Spain surrendered all claim to Cuba Ceded Puerto Rico & the island of Guam to the United States Sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million dollars

ACQUIRING NEW LANDS Puerto Rico wanted independence– but U.S. had other plans Puerto Rico was important to the U.S. strategically U.S. set up a civil gov’t, full citizenship, & a bicameral system

Today , U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba CUBA & THE U.S. U.S signed an agreement with Cuba known as the Platt Amendment (1903) Key features of “Platt” right of the U.S. to maintain naval stations on Cuba right to intervene in Cuban affairs Cuba had become a “protectorate” of the U.S. Today , U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

U.S. troops fire on rebels FILIPINOS REBEL Filipinos reacted with rage to U.S. annexation 1899, Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo vowed to fight for freedom 3-year war 20,000 Filipinos died 4,000 American lives $400,000,000 (20x the price the U.S. paid for the land) U.S. troops fire on rebels

VS. Imperialism Anti-Imperialism We should keep new territories from Spain for 2 reasons: Enhance US trade & new markets Fulfill our mission in the world to spread democracy, capitalism, & Christianity Taking control of new territories is contrary to principles of the US Constitution. (Makes us look like a bunch of hypocrites!)

Involvement in Pacific Desire to aid less fortunate people. “White man’s burden.” More land Economic gain by increasing markets Reasons for U.S. Involvement in Pacific In Late 19th & Early 20th Centuries Spread Christianity Spread Democracy

US wanted free & equal trade in China (everyone gets their fair share) Open Door Policy VS. Spheres of Influence US wanted free & equal trade in China (everyone gets their fair share) Europe & Japan wanted to carve China up like a big pie (each country gets their own piece, no sharing)

“Speak softly & carry a big stick” Roosevelt Corollary An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, it stated “we are the police of the Western Hemisphere”.

Panama Canal U.S. took over construction of the Canal from France who could no longer afford it. The US started in 1904 & finished in 1914. US helped Panama gain independence from Colombia. In return, Panama gave us permission to build a canal through the isthmus. Panama Canal decreased travel time from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Panama Canal Biggest threat to workers on the Panama Canal was the mosquito. The mosquito was a carrier of malaria & yellow fever. Dr. William Gorgas figured this out & had the Canal Zone sprayed to kill off the mosquitos.

The Panama Canal Today

“Substituting dollars Dollar Diplomacy U.S. policy of using the nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries. “Substituting dollars for bullets.”