B 01 KATAKANA カタカナ How does KATAKANA work?

Index Useful Websites for Katakana learning What is Katakana? Katakana 1: Katakana Characters How does it work? How can I learn it? Quizzes Katakana 2: Katakana Words How do Katakana words work? Tips Welcome to the Katakana World

Useful Websites for Katakana Learning Okochama Yochien Katakana drawing movies with sounds http://okochama.jp/youtien/

What is Katakana? Katakana is one of the three Japanese character sets, along with Hiragana and Kanji. Here are some examples of Katakana. カ タ カ ナ So, Katakana is a set of characters just like Hiragana. Katakana is used to spell words from overseas (for Japan) such as Europe and America. In other words, Katakana is used for loan/borrowed words. Can you think of any loan words in English? Sushi, futon, karaoke are English loan words from Japanese. English didn’t have those concepts so has spelt those words in English characters as they sound in their original language.

What is Katakana? kangaroo kangaruu カンガルー pizza piza ピザ computer Japanese does the same. They use loan words. The following concepts, for example, didn’t really exist in Japan when they came into Japan. original words Japanese sounds Japanese spellings kangaroo kangaruu カンガルー pizza piza ピザ computer kompuutaa コンピューター So they sounded out these words as they sound in their original language. But in the Japanese sound system. With spelling of those loan words, Japanese has decided to use Katakana. So that they stand out from Hiragana and Kanji and it makes people go “Wow, it’s a new thing!”.

Katakana 1: Katakana characters How does Katakana work? Katakana works exactly the same as Hiragana. It’s in the same chart, each character represents a syllable, and a set of 46 characters. W R Y M H N T S K ワ ラ ヤ マ ハ ナ タ サ カ ア a リ ミ ヒ ニ チ シ キ イ I ンn ル ユ ム フ ヌ ツ ス ク ウ u レ メ ヘ ネ テ セ ケ エ e ヲ ロ ヨ モ ホ ノ ト ソ コ オ o Katakana is pronounced exactly the same way as Hiragana.

Katakana 1: Katakana characters So, how can I learn Katakana? Well, once you’ve learnt Hiragana, learning Katakana is so much easier. The word “Katakana” literally means “a part of kana”. Most of the Katakana is made out of its partner Hiragana. Some of Katanaka characters are even almost identical to their partner Hiragana. き Hiragana “Ki” Take out a part of it… キ Now it’s Katakana “Ki”! に Hiragana “Ni” Take out a part of it… ニ Now it’s Katakana “Ni”!

Katakana 1: Katakana characters Which ones are easy to learn? So, here is a quick game! In ONE minute, find 16 Katakana characters that are a part of their partner Hiragana (including “identical” pairs). * “partner Hiragana” is a Hiragana that represents the same sound. W R Y M H N T S K ワ ラ ヤ マ ハ ナ タ サ カ ア a リ ミ ヒ ニ チ シ キ イ I ンn ル ユ ム フ ヌ ツ ス ク ウ u レ メ ヘ ネ テ セ ケ エ e ヲ ロ ヨ モ ホ ノ ト ソ コ オ o W R Y M H N T S K わ ら や ま は な た さ か あ a り み ひ に ち し き い I ん る ゆ む ふ ぬ つ す く う u れ め へ ね て せ け え e を1 ろ よ も ほ の と そ こ お o

Katakana 1: Katakana characters Which ones are easy to learn? The ones in RED. Can you see the “Katakana part” in the Hiragana? You might find even more. W R Y M H N T S K ワ ラ ヤ マ ハ ナ タ サ カ ア a リ ミ ヒ ニ チ シ キ イ I ンn ル ユ ム フ ヌ ツ ス ク ウ u レ メ ヘ ネ テ セ ケ エ e ヲ ロ ヨ モ ホ ノ ト ソ コ オ o W R Y M H N T S K わ ら や ま は な た さ か あ a り み ひ に ち し き い I ん る ゆ む ふ ぬ つ す く う u れ め へ ね て せ け え e を1 ろ よ も ほ の と そ こ お o

Katakana 1: Katakana characters Which ones are easy to learn? Let’s put the pairs side by side so that we can see the “part” clearer. wa re ri ya mo me he hu no ni na se ki ka o u ワ レ リ ヤ モ メ ヘ フ ノ ニ ナ セ キ カ オ ウ わ れ り や も め へ ふ の に な せ き か お う So, you’ve already learnt about the half of the Katakana characters already! What about the other half? Well, you just need to learn them! However, it’s still easier than learning Hiragana as Katakana character strokes are straighter, simpler and less in number in general.

Katakana 1: Katakana characters What’s the difference? Being simpler in shape, Katakana has some characters which look very similar to each other. Check the tips to tell the difference. ア a マ ma ク ku ケ ke ナ na メ me “a” goes “Ah!” and the “tongue” pokes out. “ke” pokes out everywhere like its Hiragana け. “na” has a straight line like its Hiragana な. “me” is all curvy like its Hiragana め. ス su ヌ nu テ te チ chi コ ko ユ yu ウ u ワ wa Well, the difference is clear for these “pairs”. One pokes out and the other doesn’t!

Katakana 1: Katakana characters What’s the difference? Just two more “pairs”. Can you spot the difference? ソ so ン n ツ tsu シ shi “so” : “tick at the top of the longer stroke, drawing top-down “n” strokes are a little flatter So, the difference is same as the “so”-”n” pair “so” strokes have more angle “n” : “tick at the bottom of the longer stroke, drawing bottom-up Add one dot to “so” and now it’s “tsu” Add one dot to “n” and now it’s “shi”

Quizzes Which one is the Katakana’s partner Hiragana? ナ なna ヤ やya ワ わwa ニ にni キ きki メ めme リ りri ウ うu モ もmo ノ のno ン んn セ せse フ ふhu ソ そso カ かka オ おo シ しshi ヘ へhe レ れre ツ つtsu

Katakana 2: Katakana Words How do Katakana words work? So, now you’ve learnt how Katakana characters work. Let’s put them together to spell some words. シドニー パース Using the Katakana chart, let’s sound out the two words above. By the way, the tenten (゛) and maru(゜) work same for Hiragana and Katakana. What about the dash/bar in those words? シドニー パース A dash in Katakana elongates the vowel before. In other words, it repeats the vowel before (without a stop). See examples. ノー no o ルー ru u キー ki i エー e e カー ka a

Katakana 2: Katakana Words How do Katakana words work? So, let’s find the meanings of the two words by sounding them out. シドニー パース shi do ni i pa a su So, it’s sidonii and paasu. Still not sure what they mean? Repeat saying the words five times each. Don’t they sound like some words you are familiar with? Remember, almost all of the Katakana words are from English words. So, sidonii and paasu are from English. One more hint. They are both names of some cities. Yes, you are right! Sidonii is Sydney and paasu is Perth. That’s how they say Sydny and Perth in the Japanese sound system, writing in Katakana.

Katakana 2: Katakana Words How do Katakana words work? Let’s try some more Katakana words. Sound out the words first and then guess what they mean. How many can you get right?? FOOD FASHION パスタ pasta コート coat pa su ta co o to ステーキ stake セーター sweater su te e ki se e ta a SPORT TECHNOLOGY ゴルフ golf テレビ TV go ru hu te re bi サッカー soccer コンピューター computer sa k ka a ko n p yu u ta a

Katakana 2: Katakana Words Tip1: Know the sound change Found some words easy to figure out and some a bit tricky? If you know how English sounds change in Katakana words (the Japanese sound system), all Katakana words are easy. English sound Katakana sound “l”e.g. London “r” e.g. ロンドン (Rondon) “th”e.g. thunder “s” e.g. サンダー (Sandaa) “v”e.g. Victoria “b” e.g. ビクトリア (Bikutoria) Also, extra vowels are added to each consonant. マクドナルド (makudonarudo) “golf” ゴルフ (goruhu) “McDonald’s”

Katakana 2: Katakana Words Tip2: Know the types of Katakana words Knowing what kind of vocabulary tend to be loan words (= written in Katakana) also helps. Countries & Cities: e.g. オーストラリア(Australia), ニュージーランド(New Zealand), メルボルン(Melbourne), フランス(France), バンコク(Bangkok) * China, Korea, Taiwan and most of cities of them are written in Kanji/ Hiragana. Food: e.g. ハンバーガー(hamburger), サンドイッチ(sandwich), ジュース(juice), サラダ(salad), アイスクリーム(ice cream) Sports: e.g. バスケットボール(basketball), ホッケー(hockey), サッカー(soccer), クリケット(cricket), ラグビー(rugby) Fashion: e.g. Tシャツ(T-shirt), バッグ(bag), スニーカー(sneaker), ベルト(belt), スカート(skirt) Technology: e.g. コンピューター(computer), テレビ(TV), ビデオ(video), インターネット(internet), Eメール(email), アドレス(address)

Katakana 2: Katakana Words Tip3: Know there “other” Katakana words Knowing that there are “other” Katakana words, which won’t sound like any English words, therefore no change of guessing would also helps you not to get stuck… “not quite sound like it” words: e.g. イギリス(igirisu = England), ケーキ(keeki = cake), チーム(chiimu = team), ラジオ(rajio = radio) Non English words: From German - アルバイト(arubaito = part-time job), ドイツ(doitsu = Germany) From French – ズボン(zubon = trousers) “made-up” words: カラオケ(karaoke), ウォシュレット(woshuretto = wash-let), サラリーマン(sarariiman = salary worker) Brand names: トヨタ(Toyota), ニンテンドー(Nintendo), ヤマハ(Yamaha) Shorten words: パソコン(pasokon = personal computer), エアコン(eakon = air conditioner), リモコン(rimokon = remote controller) “meant-to-be-in-Hiragana but in Katakana” words: This happens to make words standing out. Often food and animals. e.g. イヌ(inu = dog), リンゴ(ringo = apple) Onomatopia: ドキドキ(doki doki = heart beating sound), ガシャン(gashan = glass breaking sound), スラスラ(sura sura = smooth expression)

Welcome to the Katakana World! Do you want to try finding some “real” Katakana words? Try the following website . Can you find any Katakana word? Can you sound them out? Can you find meaning of the Katakana word? Revise the “tips” all the time. Good luck and have fun in the Katakana world! It’s full of Katakana! Japan McDonald’s http://www.mcdonalds.co.jp/menu/regular/index.html Japan Olympic Committee http://www.joc.or.jp/sports/summer.html Fashion store “UNIQLO” http://www.uniqlo.com/jp/ Tokyo Disney Land http://www.tokyodisneyresort.co.jp/tdl/