MAET 2009 Year 2 Week 1 Day 3 Behaviorism. CognitivismSocioculturalism Learning Theorists Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner Koffka,

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Presentation transcript:

MAET 2009 Year 2 Week 1 Day 3 Behaviorism

CognitivismSocioculturalism Learning Theorists Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner Koffka, Kohler, Gagne, Piaget, Ausubel, Bandura, Salomon View of the learning process Change in behavior Internal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception Interaction /observation in social contexts. Movement from the periphery to the center of a community of practice Locus of learning Stimuli in external environmentInternal cognitive structuring Learning is in relationship between people and environment. Purpose in education Produce behavioral change in desired direction Develop capacity and skills to learn better Full participation in communities of practice and utilization of resources Educator’s role Arranges environment to elicit desired response Structures content of learning activity Works to establish communities of practice in which conversation and participation can occur. Manifestations in adult learning Behavioral objectives Competency -based education Skill development and training Cognitive development Intelligence, learning and memory as function of age Learning how to learn Socialization Social participation Associationalism Conversation

Classical conditioning: Pavlov’s dog – pairing NS with UCS to get CR

Operant conditioning: Skinner – positive and negative reinforcement; punishment

Reinforcement (behavior increases) Punishment (behavior decreases) Positive (something is added) Positive reinforcement: Something is added to increase desired behavior (e.g., smile and compliment student on good behavior) Positive punishment Something is added to decrease undesired behavior (e.g., given student detention for failing to follow class rules) Negative (something is removed) Negative reinforcement: Something is removed to increase desired behavior (e.g., give a free homework pass for turning in all assignments) Negative punishment: Something is removed to decrease undesired behavior (e.g., make student miss time in recess for not following class rules)

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Behaviorism in education

Video Games Tetris is a simple game but involves multiple reinforcers. Reinforcers include: Positive Reinforcers: Gaining points and clearing rows High Score or improving on a previous score Fitting blocks Winning or advancing to the next level Negative Reinforcers: Avoidance of losing Build up of rows Failure to beat an earlier high score Tetris:

Gambling

FastMath

Langer: –What is mindful learning? –Why might one want to strive for mindful learning? –Which way would you prefer to learn (mindful or not)? Which way should we teach?

Skinner’s Influence Find software on the web that uses behaviorist principles to teach it/behavior.htmhttp://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et- it/behavior.htm