Lesson 15.1 Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. reproduction mitosis versus meiosis development and puberty Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. chromosomes –made of DNA, contain genes asexual reproduction –offspring are a clone of parent sexual reproduction –a gamete from each parent combine to make a zygote (genetically unique individual) Reproduction

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. mitosis –one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells homologous chromosomes –chromosomes duplicate in interphase –stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase result –two cells, each with 46 chromosomes identical to the mother cell Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. chromosome number –diploid – two copies of each chromosome –haploid – one version of each chromosome normal body cells are diploid gametes are haploid Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. meiosis –produces gametes, or haploid cells –stages meiosis I – homologous chromosomes separate meiosis II – sister chromatids separate result –four haploid cells with 23 chromosomes each Mitosis versus Meiosis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. if SRY gene is present –7th week of development male sex organs begin development if SRY gene is not present –8th week of development female sex organs begin development Embryonic and Fetal Development

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. maturation of the reproductive system development of secondary sexual characteristics –females menarche –males Puberty

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1–4 below: male, chromosomes, meiosis, puberty. 1. maturation of the reproductive system 2. if SRY gene is present 3. made of DNA, contain genes 4. gamete production Review and Assessment

Lesson 15.2 Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. scrotum and testes –sperm produced in testes –sperm mature in epididymis penis –delivers sperm to female –contains erectile tissue Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ducts of the male reproductive system –ductus deferens –ejaculatory duct accessory glands and semen –seminal glands –prostate gland –bulbourethral glands Male Reproductive Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. sperm formation –spermatogenesis –begins at puberty sexual response –erection –ejaculation Male Reproductive Physiology

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Fill in the blanks with: epididymis, spermatogenesis, testes, or penis. 1. Sperm formation is _______________. 2. The _______________ delivers sperm to the female. 3. Sperm mature in the _______________. 4. Sperm is produced in the _______________. Review and Assessment

Lesson 15.3 Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the ovaries –oocyte egg cell –ovulation release of egg from the ovary Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ducts of the female reproductive system –uterine tubes connect ovary to uterus uterus – womb –endometrium –cervix Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. vagina –birth canal external genitalia –labia – majora and minora –clitoris mammary glands –lactation Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. oocyte production process begins before birth primary oocyte secondary oocyte polar bodies Oogenesis

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. also known as the menstrual cycle ovarian cycle –maturation and release of oocyte the uterine cycle –uterus readies for implantation The Female Sexual Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the follicular phase –dominant primary follicle –pituitary gland releases FSH and LH –ovulation the luteal phase –corpus luteum The Ovarian Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the menstrual phase –endometrium breaks down and sheds the proliferative phase –endometrium grows back the secretory phase –endometrium prepares to nourish embryo The Uterine Cycle

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. stimulation –tactile –psychological orgasm Female Sexual Response

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. True or False? 1. The vagina is the birth canal. 2. Oogenesis makes sperm. 3. The ovary is also called the womb. 4. Oogenesis begins before birth. 5. Ovulation is release of sperm from the ovary. Review and Assessment

Lesson 15.4 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. fertilization of the oocyte pregnancy childbirth lactation Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. the journey of the sperm –vagina, uterus, uterine tube –capacitation takes up to 10 hours sperm penetration –zona pellucida –acrosomal enzymes Fertilization of the Oocyte

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. protection against polyspermy –only one sperm is required for fertilization –more than one sperm causes death of oocyte –chemistry of the zona pellucida changes after sperm entry completion of meiosis and fertilization –sperm entry causes completion of meiosis Fertilization of the Oocyte Nejron Photo/Shutterstock.com

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. lasts approximately 265 days from fertilization to implantation development of the placenta, embryo, and fetus Pregnancy

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. cell stages –zygote –morula –blastocyst implantation –blastocyst binds to endometrium From Fertilization to Implantation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. From Fertilization to Implantation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. embryo –after implantation to 8 weeks placenta –organ that supplies nutrients to embryo and fetus fetus –after 8 weeks of development Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. parturition –birth oxytocin stages of labor –dilation –expulsion –delivery of placenta Childbirth

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. production of breast milk activation of milk-producing cells –prolactin delivery of milk through ducts to the nipple –oxytocin Lactation

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Match these words with 1–4 below: dilation, prolactin, implantation, birth. 1. activation of milk producing cells 2. parturition 3. a stage of labor 4. blastocyst binds to endometrium Review and Assessment

Lesson 15.5 Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. male infertility –low sperm count –erectile dysfunction female infertility –failure to ovulate –inability of egg to reach uterine tube –lack of implantation Infertility

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. treatment for infertility –lifestyle changes –drugs to induce ovulation –surgery to correct anatomical issues in vitro fertilization –oocyte and sperm combined outside mother’s body Infertility

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. viral –HIV and AIDS –genital herpes –human papillomavirus bacterial –gonorrhea –chlamydia –pelvic inflammatory disease Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. detection and prevention –symptoms genital discharge, sores, rash, burning during urination, and growths –prevention condom, abstinence Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. prostate cancer –PSA test cancers of the female reproductive tract –uterine cancer –ovarian cancer –cervical cancer –breast cancer Cancers of the Reproductive System

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. True or False? 1. Abstinence will prevent spread of STDs. 2. A virus causes AIDS. 3. A virus causes gonorrhea. 4. A bacterium causes genital herpes. 5. Genital discharge is a symptom of STDs. Review and Assessment