 Tools needed to create designs  Include: Space Form Line Texture Color  Need all the elements of design to describe, plan and evaluate your housing CMAGNO

 * Space – The area around a form such as the area around a table and the area inside a form, such as the area inside a room.  * The designer must consider 2 things: 1) The size of the design space 2 The arrangement of objects within that space. CMAGNO

 * Large open spaces – openness, grandeur, freedom  *If too large – can make one feel lonely, uncomfortable, small, lost, overwhelmed. CMAGNO

 * If well designed – can make people feel snug, comfortable, secure, cozy and warm.  If room is crowded and has low ceilings – can make one feel confined. CMAGNO

 You can achieve various effects by arranging the space differently…  To make a small space appear larger: 1) Limit furnishings (keep space open) 2) Select small furniture (plain design) 3) Install mirrors 4) Remove walls 5) Expand window area CMAGNO

 * To make a large space feel smaller:  1) Divide the space into separate areas.  2) Arrange room into small clusters  3) Use area rugs to divide space  * A room can be made to appear larger or smaller through the use of color, texture, furnishings, screens, floor and wall coverings, lighting, etc. CMAGNO

 Paint ! Before  After Before After CMAGNO

 Curtains are a great way to section off spaces, and hanging artwork can have the same effect. CMAGNO

2- DIMENSIONAL OR 3 DIMENSIONAL ???????  Remember…  Paintings and drawings are two-dimensional.  They have length and width. They are flat. Sculpture, furniture, houses, etc has length, width, and depth, the three dimension. CMAGNO

 Negative Space is the space between an object, around an object, but is not part of the actual object itself. Positive Negative CMAGNO

 Negative plays an important part in logo design. Some of the worlds most recognized logos feature creative negative spaces.  Take FedEx for example…  Negative/positive spaces?!?  Observe…the spaces between the letters in “Ex” to create an almost subliminal arrow. According to FedEx spokesman Jess Bunn:  “The arrow was indeed intentional as a secondary design element…” CMAGNO

More Examples of Negative Space CMAGNO

 Mass- the amount of pattern or objects in a space and how crowded or empty a space appears. A space can have high mass or low mass.  High Mass = visually crowded (many patterns or lines in fabric, for example; A cluttered room; communicates formality and weightiness. CMAGNO

 * Low Mass = A space that is simple and sparse; gives a clean and airy feeling.  Minimalism and Shaker styles reflect low mass.  * Blending high and low mass creates variety in a room design.  (See text pg visuals) CMAGNO

 1) Fill it – with furniture, carpets, wall hangings, etc.  2) Divide it – with furnishings (sofa, chairs, room dividers, screens, etc); with architectural features (columns and partitions).  3) Leave it empty  * Decision on how to arrange space depends on personal preference and function. CMAGNO

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN Elements of design are “tools”. Just like the carpenter has a hammer and saw, the designer has the elements. There are 5 elements of design: Space, Line, FORM, Color, & Texture. CMAGNO

Form is 3-Dimensional… It describes the shape and structure of solid objects. It contains mass and volume. Line is one dimensional: length Shape is two-dimensional: length and width Form is three-dimensional: length, width, and depth CMAGNO

Realistic Form: it looks like the real thing It communicates a lifelike, traditional, and familiar feeling Abstract Form: alters a recognizable object to be more contemporary Geometric Form: uses geometric figures to create an object Communicates organization, order, and a tailored look Free Form: random, untraditional with a sense of freedom There are 4 different types of form… A chair is shown here, illustrating all 4 types of form. CMAGNO

Guidelines for using Form… Form follows function. The function of the object must be the first consideration, and the form is of secondary importance. The diagonal form of this bookcase, along with the colorful stains, are attractive and interesting. The function, however, has been ignored. The books would always be falling over without vertical side supports. The curved lines create a globe-type form for this vase. Although colorful, the opening at the top is not of an ample size for the flower stems. This vase, therefore, is only useful as a knick knack. CMAGNO

Guidelines for using Form… Related forms are more agreeable than unrelated forms. A room is more pleasing if the form of the dominant piece is repeated in minor pieces and accessories within a room. The curved lines and forms of the headboard are repeated in the nightstand and dresser, the chandelier, the tied- back curtains, the table lamps, and the pattern in the rug. CMAGNO