What did you learn last time? The English Language is buang-buang.

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Pronounce these words: LEISURE GENRE ENTHUSIASTIC

CEREMONY INVENTORY ADVOCACY CHOCOLATE DIAMOND DIAPER

How to speak with an American accent  Remember: there is no “right” way to pronounce English, simply different accents. “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.” Let’s try a sample sentence:

PRONUNCIATION: What the scholars say… “...Traditionally, Filipino English is described as syllable timed with each syllable coming with even beats, rather than following the stress timing of American and British English where the stress is on nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.” --Roger Thompson, “Filipino English and Taglish” (2003)

Makadto ako ha internet café kay namimiling ako para hit impormasyon hiunung pamahaw. Count how many syllables:

Sentence Stress and Rhythm  CATS CHASE MICE.  The CATS have CHASED MICE.  The CATS will CHASEthe MICE.  The CATS havebeen CHAS ingthe MICE.  The CATS couldhavebeen CHAS ing the MICE.

PRONUNCIATION: Word Stress “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.” Filipino: even rhythm American: uneven rhythm

A common Filipino mistake is to accent the second syllable of a multisyllabic word. This comes from the Spanish practice of accenting the second syllable when nothing is marked. Most Germanic languages, like English, stress the first syllable of a word. ceREmony inVENtory adVOcacy choCOlate diAmond diAper

PRONUNCIATION: The “Schwa” Americans tend to omit medial posttonic syllables. Examples:  Sep(a)rate  “Seprate”  Choc(o)late  “Choclate”  Cam(e)ra  “Camra”  Elab(o)rate  “Elabrate”

“Instead of pronouncing unstressed vowels as a schwa, Filipinos pronounce each syllable with the full value indicated by the spelling.” -- Gonzales (1983) PRONUNCIATION

PRONUNCIATION: The “Schwa” “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.” Filipino: ter Filipino: fast American: fust American : tur In other words, Filipino speakers have more precise pronunciation than American speakers.

PRONUNCIATION: The “Schwa” In American pronunciation, the schwa, or “uhh” sound, is the most common vowel sound. Examples:  'a' in about [ ə ˈ ba ʊ t]  'e' in taken [ ˈ te ɪ k ə n]  'i' in pencil [ ˈ p ɛ ns ə l]  'o' in eloquent [ ˈɛ l ə kw ə nt]  'u' in supply [s ə ˈ pla ɪ ]

TRY TALKING LIKE AN AMERICAN 1. Speed: slow down for verbs, nouns, adjectives, go fast for articles & prepositions 2. Don’t emphasize the second syllable (inventory, ceremony) 3. Omit the medial posttonic syllable (separate, chocolate) 4. Use the schwa for non stressed vowels (internet, breakfast)

TRY TALKING LIKE AN AMERICAN I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast. tuh turfur fust

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT It’s simple. It’s all about… “Do I use the singular or plural form of the verb?”

1.Everyone ____ arrived at the restaurant. (a) have(b) has 2. Some flowers ____ spilled on the floor. (a) is(b) are 3. Some rice _____ spilled on the floor. (a) is(b) are 4. All the food ____ eaten at the dinner. (a)was(b) were 5. All the people _____ satisfied after the meal. (a) was(b) were

6. Each of the guests ____ on time to the party. (a) was(b) were 7. ____ each of you finished your meal? (a) Has(b) Have 8. The prince as well as the princess ____ born in February. (a) was(b) were 9. The dog, along with the cat, ____ sleeping in the yard. (a) is(a) are 10. Sir Ruel, together with his friends, were travelling to Ormoc. (a) was(b) were

A: Some of the water are gone. B: Some of the water is gone. A: Everyone has done their homework B: Everyone have done their homework Example 1: Singular or Plural? A: Everyone has done their homework B: Everyone have done their homework A: Some of the water are gone. B: Some of the water is gone. singular? plural? plural singular plural Plural? Singular?

Method 1: Visual Reinforcement Use a spatial visual aid, like a chart or table, to help students memorize rules Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

Always singular  Anyone is eligible for the scholarship.  Everyone has done their homework  Nobody is an expert on everything. his or her Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

All of the textbook is incorrect. All of the answers in the textbook are incorrect. All of the textbook is incorrect. All of the answers in the textbook are incorrect. Some of the water is gone Some of the beads are gone. Some of the water is gone. Some of the beads are gone. Singular or Plural not countable countable not countable countable Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

Always Plural All of us are going to the beach. Many were at the seminar. Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

Example 2: Singular or Plural? A: Each of the students is responsible. B: Each of the students are responsible. plural subject

Method 2: Natural/Communicative Language Teaching Theory Instead of telling the answer, the teacher models correct grammar: Teacher: “Is each of the students responsible for their homework?” Student: “Yes, each of the students is responsible for their homework.”

Rule: each, everyone, and everybody are always singular! Right: Each of the students is responsible Wrong: Each of the students are responsible even though the noun is plural “each” always acts as singular

Naka gets? T: “Is the skills enhancement seminar fun?” S: “Yes, the skills enhancement seminar is fun.” T: “Are the topics interesting?” S: “Yes, the topics are interesting.” T: “Is all of you awake?” S: “All of us are awake!” S: “Everyone is awake!”

Naka gets? T: “Has each of you eaten breakfast?” S: “Yes, each of us has eaten breakfast.” T: “Is everyone following the instructions?” S: “Yes, everyone is following the instructions.” T: “Does everyone like ampalaya?” S: “No, everyone does not like ampalaya!”

Example 3: Singular or Plural? A: Diane as well as her friend is going to the store. B: Diane as well as her friend are going to the store.

Method 3: Total Physical Response DIANE IS GOING TO THE STORE ARE ALONG WITH HER FRIEND

Rule 1: inserted phrases do not change the subject from singular to plural Yes: Diane along with her friend is going to the store. No: Diane along with her friend are going to the store. Rule 1: inserted phrases do not change the subject from singular to plural Yes: Diane along with her friend is going to the store. No: Diane along with her friend are going to the store.

Inserted phrases Rule 2: the conjunction “and” does change the subject from singular to plural No: Diane and her friend is going to the store. Yes: Diane and her friend are going to the store.

Naka Gets? Singular or Plural? DIANE HER FRIEND GOING TO THE STORE AND ARE IS MA’AM ARLENE SIR RUEL COMING WITH ME ALONG WITH

1.Everyone ____ arrived at the restaurant. (a) have(b) has 2. Some flowers ____ spilled on the floor. (a) is(b) are 3. Some rice _____ spilled on the floor. (a) is(b) are 4. All the food ____ eaten at the dinner. (a)was(b) were 5. All the people _____ satisfied after the meal. (a) was(b) were

6. Each of the guests ____ on time to the party. (a) was(b) were 7. ____ each of you finished your meal? (a) Has(b) Have 8. The prince as well as the princess ____ born in February. (a) was(b) were 9. The dog, along with the cat, ____ sleeping in the yard. (a) is(a) are 10. Sir Ruel, together with his friends, were travelling to Ormoc. (a) was(b) were

Tapos Na!  Questions?  Comments?  Violent Reactions? “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.”