Unit 2 Chapters 2 & 3 Coach Howell

Major Tribes: Natchez, Choctaw, & Chickasaw

Natchez Indians - 1682 Cavalier & LaSalle -4,000 -Great Sun (top of social structure) -villages along loess bluffs of the MS River -mounds (Emerald Mound) -enemies of the French (Ft. Rosalie) -town of Natchez is named after this tribe

Natchez Indians Emerald Mound Loess Bluffs in Natchez overlooking the MS River

Choctaw Indians 20,000 in 1700 Peaceful & agrarian Located in central & southern MS Usually allied with the French 1st encountered by DeSoto Had the most land of all Indians in MS County in MS is named after the Choctaw people

Choctaw Indians

Chickasaw Indians Located in North Mississippi 4,500 Hunters & warriors Allies of the English Forced to move to OK in 1800’s County in MS is named after them

Chickasaw Indians

Minor Tribes: Biloxi, Pascagoula, Tunica, & Yazoo

Biloxi Indians -located on the Gulf Coast -<500 -city of Biloxi was named after them -eventually settled in Oklahoma

Pascagoula Indians -allies of the French -located on the Gulf Coast -”bread people” -allies of the French -located on the Gulf Coast

Tunica Indians 1,500 in 1698 Allies of the French South bank of the Yazoo River Active slave traders Later re-located to Louisiana

Yazoo Indians On the Yazoo River, just north of Vicksburg Anti-French Virtually destroyed by the Choctaw Died out by the 1800’s

European Explorers & Occupation Spain, France, & England

Spanish Explorers Landed in 1539 (Tampa, FL- DeSoto) Reached the MS River in 1541 DeSoto died in 1542, buried on the banks of the MS River

French Explorers Lasalle/ Cavalier: Iberville: Bienville: Reached the mouth of the MS in 1682 (LaSalle) Went on to Ship Island in 1699, later went to shore looking for the river Bienville became governor in Mobile “Casquette girls” Claimed the area for France & named it Louisiana Established Ft. Maurepas 1699 (Biloxi Bay) Established Natchez in 1716, New Orleans 1718

Ship Island & Biloxi Bay Casquette Girls

Natchez District Part of the Louisiana Province Well-populated (710, 280 were slaves) Major center of trade on the MS River Black Codes (1724) -prohibited separation of spouses -children under 14 couldn’t be separated from parents -freed slaves became French citizens

English Occupation 1763-1783

English Territory Gained the territory through the Treaty of Paris 1763 from the French (32 degree parallel- Vicksburg) The territory was called British West Florida Population grew quickly Main crop became cotton Treaty of Paris 1783-gave the new U.S. former British territory in, except for Natchez (Spain claimed it)

Spanish Occupation 1783-1795

Spanish Territory Population increased in Natchez due to land grants offered by the Spanish Cotton continued to grow as an important crop Population increase, and the increased importance of cotton brought large numbers of slaves to the area In 1798 the Spanish left Natchez for New Orleans Natchez is now a part of the United States