Welcome to Astronomy!

Prove that the following equation is valid by means of resolution:  xp(x)v  xq(x)   x  p(x)vq(x)  Why can ’ t you do this problem?

You cannot do these problems because you do not know the math between what you now know and what you would need to know to do the problem!

You will have the same problem with understanding the process that scientists call the big bang. Just because you cannot understand some of what scientists say about the big bang does not mean that scientists do not understand it clearly! They know the science between what you know and what is needed to be known to understand the big bang!

Did the detectives see the explosion? No! They have to figure it out from evidence!

They take evidence from space to figure out the science!

How The Big Bang Theory came to be… In 1927 Belgian priest Georges Lemaître proposed that the universe began with the explosion of an early atom. –His proposal came after observing the red shift (objects moving away from us) in distant nebulas. Years later, Edwin Hubble found experimental evidence to help justify Lemaître's theory. He found that distant galaxies in every direction are going away from us with speeds proportional to their distance. NASA named the Hubble Space Telescope after Edwin Hubble due to his great contributions to astronomy!

Some sort of “event” occurred to cause the change that formed the universe we have today.

This event is what scientists call the

Big Bang Flowchart

The Big Bang Theory Step 1: All matter and energy in the universe was once located in a single dense point called a singularity. Step 2: A HUGE explosion occurred! Step 3: Matter and energy were propelled outward in all directions as the universe began to expand. The most widely accepted theory explaining the formation of the universe. Why? Because it is the only scientifically supported theory that we currently have… Step 4: Matter began to condense - forming galaxies and these galaxies continue to move outward today.

Evidence for the Big Bang Theory What continues to support this theory today? –The universe is currently expanding as observed by the movement of cosmic background radiation. –Most of the most distant stars observed to be in red-shift (they are moving away from Earth)

Evidence for the Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory explains why distant galaxies are traveling away from us at great speeds. This theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiation the energy & glow left over from the explosion. The Big Bang Theory received its strongest confirmation when this radiation was discovered in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, who later won the Nobel Prize for this discovery.

is also evidence for this expansion. Universal red shift

Sound shows Doppler effect too! Clip on this picture to experience the Doppler effect.

red shift What you just heard was the Doppler effect with sound. Red shift is the Doppler effect with light.

Notice that the line groupings are the same – only shifted red.

From our position in the universe, it looks like we are the center because everything appears to be moving away from us.

As a balloon gets larger every point moves away from every other point.

If your galaxy was a raisin, notice that every raisin is moving away from every other raisin. In fact, a raisin far away from you is moving away faster than those that are closer. Our expanding universe acts the same way.

The second evidence is Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation!

This is energy “ left over ” from the Big Bang. -discovered in the early 1960 ’ s.

This is like an oven that was used to make cookies. The cookies are not visible but the smell is there (evidence) and when you open the oven door there is just a little bit of heat still there (another piece of evidence).

What are the two pieces of evidence that support the Big Bang Theory that we discussed? Video clip of the big bang