Chapter 1 Notes Section 1- NOUNS Section 2- PRONOUNS Section 3- VERBS Section 4- ADVERBS Section 5- ADJECTIVES Section 6- PREPOSITIONS Section 7- CONJUNCTION & INTERJECTION

COMMON PROPER CONCRETE ABSTRACT SINGULAR PLURAL TYPES OF NOUNS COMMON PROPER CONCRETE ABSTRACT SINGULAR PLURAL

COMMON AND PROPER Common Noun- a general name for a person, place or thing. Example: The boy ran to the store. Proper Noun- The name of a specific person, place or thing. Example: John ran to the store.

Concrete and Abstract Concrete Noun- Names an object that can be seen, heard, smelled, or touched Example: Bring me that book. Abstract Noun- Names an idea, quality or state of being. Example: I finally have my independence.

Singular and Plural Singular Noun- Refers to 1 person, place, or thing. Plural Noun- Refers to 1 or more persons, places, or things

Possessive Nouns Sarah’s car is outside the building. The boss’s best employee is John. The three boys’ truck is in the shop. The women’s bathroom is across the hall.

PRONOUNS Definition- A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. Possessive Pronoun- A pronoun that shows ownership. Examples: Shawn broke his hand playing football. Can I borrow your pencil?

TYPES OF PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE INTENSIVE DEMONSTRATIVE INDEFINITE INTERROGATIVE

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN Points out specific persons, places, things, or ideas. Example #1: We did better than those kids. Example #2: That boy is the one who stole the bike.

INDEFINITE PRONOUN DOES NOT refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Example #1: Many of the students were at the party. Example #2: Both of the girls were at the game.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN Used to ask a question. Example: What is your favorite song?

REFLEXIVE AND INTENSIVE PRONOUNS Both Reflexive and Intensive pronouns are formed by adding –self or –selves to the end of a pronoun. REFLEXIVE- Reflects action back upon the subject. Example: Donna prepared herself for a long day. INTENSIVE- Adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun. (Will come directly behind the noun it is describing). Example: The wait itself would take hours.

Locate each pronoun and identify its type. 1. Which is the oldest zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo or Central Park zoo in New York? 2. Kodiak bears sun themselves on the towering rocks. 3. Everyone in the school band practices three hours a day. The best way to find out is to ask the ticket sellers themselves. That car is a 2006 Ford Mustang.

VERBS A VERB expresses an action or state of being. Action Verb – Expresses an action. Example- The band marched onto the field. Linking Verb- Links the subject of a sentence to the predicate. Example – The instruments are safe on the bus. Helping Verb – Combined with verbs to form a verb phrase. Example- The stadium may be filled to capacity.

Examples of Linking and Helping Verbs IS AM ARE WAS WERE BEEN BEING HELPING HAVE WILL CAN MAY MIGHT SHOULD WOULD

ADJECTIVES Adjective- Describes a noun or pronoun. Questions adjectives answer: What Kind, Which One, How Many, How Much ARTICLES- A, AN, THE Examples of adjectives: The brown dog ran across the windy road. I have two tickets to the big football game.

ADVERBS An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb. ***Many adverbs have an –ly ending*** ***Most adverbs will either come right before or right after a verb*** Examples: We were rather surprised that we had a test. His health gradually worsened.

1. The white car drove quickly to the grocery store. Give the correct part of speech for each word in the following sentences. 1. The white car drove quickly to the grocery store. 2. Fast cars are more expensive to buy. I need a new car badly. Options: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Article, Adverb, Preposition

PREPOSITIONS Definition- a word that shows the location of a noun or pronoun. Examples: The sound of a jazz band filled the kitchen. The music was coming from a radio.

COMMONLY USED PREPOSITIONS ABOUT ACROSS AFTER AROUND AS AT BEFORE BY WITH DOWN FOR FROM IN INSIDE OF OFF ON TO

Prepositional Phrase Definition- contains a preposition and its object (OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION) ***Object of the preposition will be a noun or pronoun. Examples: The sound of a jazz band filled the kitchen. The sounds came from a radio.

CONJUNCTIONS Definition- connects words or groups of words. 4 TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS: Coordinating Correlative Subordinating Conjunctive Adverb

Coordinating Conjunction Definition- Connects words or groups of words of equal importance in a sentence. Examples: Sonia and her friends watched the new music video. The action started quickly on a beach, but the scene quickly changed.

Correlative Conjunction Definition- word pairs (2) that join words or groups of words. Examples: Neither Tim nor Sally saw the movie. Both the boys and the girls are in the class. Both… and not only…but also Either…or whether…or Neither…nor

Subordinating Conjunction Definition- Introduces a group of words that cannot stand alone. Examples: Although music videos are short, they are expensive to produce. The band waited while the director checked the lighting.

Subordinating Conjunction A after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though B because, before, by the time E even if, even though I if, in order that, in case L lest O once, only if P provided that S since, so that T than, that, though, till U unless, until W when, whenever, where, wherever, while

Conjunctive Adverb Definition- joins two complete sentences. Examples: The game starts at 7 o’clock. However, it may get rained out.

INTERJECTIONS Definition- Used to express an emotion. Examples: Wow! I didn’t see that coming. Hey!, that boy just stole my car!

CHAPTER 1- PARTS OF SPEECH NOUNS (6 TYPES) PRONOUNS (5 TYPES) VERBS (Action and Linking) ADVERBS ADJECTIVES (and Articles) PREPOSITIONS CONJUNCTIONS (4 types) INTERJECTIONS