Learning Objectives Functions of communication. Communication process. Direction of communication. Communication Methods. Interpersonal communication. Organizational communication. Barriers to effective communication. Current Issues in communication.

What Is Communication? Communication The transfer and understanding of meaning. Transfer means the message was received in a form that can be interpreted by the receiver. Understanding the message is not the same as the receiver agreeing with the message.

Why communication Important to Managers and Organizations Why communication Important to Managers and Organizations?? (Functions of Communication)

•Control •Motivation •Emotional Expression •Information

Communication Process The steps between a source and a receiver that result in the transference and understanding of meaning

2 types of communication discuss in the business world… 1. Interpersonal Communication Communication between two or more people 2. Organizational Communication All the patterns, network, and systems of communications within an organization

Interpersonal Communication Oral Communication Advantages: Speed and feedback Disadvantage: Distortion of the message Written Communication Advantages: Tangible and verifiable Disadvantages: Time consuming and lacks feedback Nonverbal Communication Advantages: Supports other communications and provides observable expression of emotions and feelings Disadvantage: Misunderstanding body language or gestures can influence the receiver’s interpretation of the message

Organizational Communication Flows/Direction of Communication ?

Direction Cont. Downward Communications that flow from managers to employees to inform, direct, coordinate, and evaluate employees. •Upward Communications that flow from employees up to managers to keep them aware of employee needs and how things can be improved to create a climate of trust and respect

Direction Cont. Lateral (Horizontal) Communication Communication that takes place among employees on the same level in the organization to save time and facilitate coordination. Diagonal Communication Communication that cuts across both work areas and organizational levels in the interest of efficiency and speed.

What are the communication channels??????? The medium selected by the sender through which the message travels to the receiver

Types of Channels Formal Channels Informal Channels Are established by the organization and transmit messages that are related to the professional activities of members Informal Channels Used to transmit personal or social messages in the organization. These informal channels are spontaneous and emerge as a response to individual

The Grapevine An informal organizational communication network that is active in almost every organization. Provides a channel for issues not suitable for formal communication channels. The impact of information passed along the grapevine can be countered by open and honest communication with employees

Interpersonal Communication Barriers

Barriers to Effective Interpersonal Communication Filtering The deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver. Emotions Disregarding rational and objective thinking processes and substituting emotional judgments when interpreting messages. Information Overload Being confronted with a quantity of information that exceeds an individual’s capacity to process it.

Barriers to Effective Interpersonal Communication (cont’d) Defensiveness When threatened, reacting in a way that reduces the ability to achieve mutual understanding. Language The different meanings of and specialized ways (jargon) in which senders use words can cause receivers to misinterpret their messages. National Culture Culture influences the form, formality, openness, patterns and use of information in communications.

Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Interpersonal Communications ???????

Overcoming the Barriers cont. Use Feedback Simplify Language Listen Actively Constrain Emotions Watch Nonverbal Cues

Active listening

Communication and technology Advances in information technologies enable organizations to: Distribute information much faster. Make more information available. Allow broader and more immediate access to information. Encourage participation in the sharing and use of information. Integrate systems and functions, and use information to link with the environment.

What are current issues in communication

current issues Men and women are socialized into different communication styles. Women are socialized to be more sensitive to interpersonal relationships in communication. Men are socialized to be competitive, aggressive, and individualistic, which may cause communication problems

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