Mammalian Adaptations

MONOTREMES “Egg laying” Duckbilled Platypus Anteater Echidna Platypus/echidna Images from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html

MARSUPIALS Premature babies develop in pouch Most found in Australia/ New Guinea Kangaroo Wallaby Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html

MARSUPIALS Only North American Marsupial Oppossum

PLACENTAL Embryos nourished inside mother by placenta 95% of all mammals are placental At least 18 orders Image from: http://antro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm

Specialized teeth vary with diet

Grass eaters have different teeth than carnivores http://animaldiversity.ummzurich.edu/anat/tooth_introduction.html

CANINES- grip, puncture, tear PREMOLARS- shread, cut, grind INCISORS- cut CANINES- grip, puncture, tear PREMOLARS- shread, cut, grind MOLARS- grind, crush Image from: http://antro.palomar.edu/animal/default.htm

BALEEN Thin keratin plates that hang from the roof of the mouth and screen food from water Baleen Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html

Echolocation Bats can fly without eyes, but NOT without ears Bats emit high frequency sound waves that bounce off objects Can determine size, distance, direction, speed

ECHOLOCATION Also used by some kinds of whales Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html

RUMEN In cud chewers like cows, sheep, goats, giraffes First chamber of stomach containing bacteria to digest plants

CECUM In NON cud chewers like horses, rabbits, rodents, elephants Small pouch off small intestine containing bacteria to digest plants

Human appendix is vestigial cecum

PRIMATES Larger Brain Grasping hand with fingernails instead of claws 2 forward facing eyes Includes: Gorillas Chimps Monkeys Lemurs Gorilla Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html

PRIMATES Humans are primates too!

PINNIPEDS Carnivores streamlined body flipper limbed Seals Walruses Sea lions

UNGULATES Mammals with Hooves Perissodactyla Odd number of toes Horses, zebras, rhinos Artiodactyla Even number of toes Moose, bison, deer, elk, goats, pigs, camels, sheep, cows

CETACEANS Includes: whales, dolphins, porpoises

PROBOSCIDEA Proboscis: Boneless trunked nose Only 2 species Asian elephant African elephant Image from: http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classification%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html

CHIROPTERA BATS Only mammals that can fly