A.Hii KJ Hows u doin? Avnt cht 2 U 4 ages yano! We shud catch up sometime!! TB xxxxx B.Heya! a party! Wikd 2 ere frm u! Aint gt mch batri so mayb txt u 2mz? D kj xxxx A. [next day] U av a Gud time at da party? Il b online L8R!! lol! Tb xxx Pick a Question – Higher Number = Harder 1. How many features of text-speak can you identify and how are these determined by the context? 2. What elements of positive and negative face-work can you find in this transcript? 3.What can you say about the relationship between A. and B? (give proof)

Radio Phone-ins Today’s question is who on earth listens to radio phone ins? Do they serve any useful purpose? I’m really keen to hear your thoughts so please call in.

Same / Different How is a phone in conversation is like a normal phone conversation Spontaneous conversation (unscripted – at least from the caller’s view-point) Turn-taking rules apply – will still follow pattern of adjacency pairs On one level, it’s a one to one exchange of views. Caller may feel like he knows host as could be regular listener How is a phone-in different from a standard phone conversation Caller will have a specific point to make and may have rehearsed this Host ‘manages’ conversation and is talking on behalf of listeners and station. Secondary audience of millions of listeners. Main purpose is to entertain others rather than to debate an issue. Participants don’t know each other Asymmetrical power relationship

Talk Radio and Power What gives the host the upper-hand in these interactions? Host is an authority figure with whom the listeners are familiar – they can be expected to side with host in altercation. Host sets the agenda – his questions determine direction of the discussion He always has the final word – callers can hang up but that is leaving the interaction Host takes ‘second position’ he goes second so has time to formulate response. Host selects and deselects callers Callers have been pre-interviewed and host has been briefed about them – possibly has their profile and key points on screen in front of him. Profanity delay – allows programme to avoid offensive getting on air.

AO2 – alert! Ian Hutchby – researched phone-ins and looked at the power dynamic between host and caller. He talks about how the host maintains power by maintaining the second position Refers to the fact that the host always has the last word.

Phone-ins – Norms and Variations Norms = the common features of phone-ins Variations – ways in which the text differs from the norms according to context.

Analyse the two transcripts using these questions. Put your answers in two columns: norms (things they have in common which are common to the genre) and variations (things which are exceptions and arise from context) 1.How does the host initiate the conversation 2.What phatic features if any are present? 3.What degrees of politeness and courtesy are extended to the caller? 4.How does the caller convey their opinions and feelings? 5.In what ways is the professionalism of the host apparent by contrast with a caller unused to public broadcasting? 6.To what extent does the host express agreement or disagreement with the caller and how does she or he do it? 7.What closure routine if any does the host use before terminating each call? 8.In what ways does the host achieve control of the discourse? 9.Is there any evidence that the host is imposing a specific time constraint on each caller? 10.In what ways od you think the host’s awareness of the listening audience is influencing their conduct of the conversation?

How is the language of this transcript shaped by the context / technology/  Grammar  Sentence types  Informal constructions  Pragmatics  Who controls the conversation and how  Assumed shared knowledge  Tension between planned questions vs spontaneity  Lexis  Lexical fields  Register  Informal language  Jargon  Discourse structure  Openings?  Who drives the conversation and with what speech acts?  Interruptions  Who are digressions handled?  Topic management In fours take one framework each and annotate your text highlighting and annotating all features relevant to your framework.

Feedback one point at a time to your group. Make one point then move onto the next person. Continue until no-one has anything left to add and your transcripts are annotated in detail. Take it in turns to feedback one point you have made while the others in your group add your annotations to their transcript.

Discuss the language choices in this extract with particular reference to technology. 10mins Intro: GASP. Give the big picture by summing up concisely the key contextual issues in this extract. Max 6 lines. O: Observation about language features, described using terminology A: Analysis about what that reveals about the context / how language shaped by the medium (technology) /relationships, dynamics etc. T: Theory: links to any relevant theory.

Swap and Mark Big picture intro Identifies key language features Sophisticated analysis of context Relevant links to context

Going Forward 1.What three things did you find most interesting about today’s topic? 2.Which three points are you going to make a mental note to learn? 3.What do you feel you have to work on to improve your exam technique?