The organelles of plant and animal cells

Generalized plant cell

Generalized animal cell

cell wall Provides structural support to the cell

cell membrane Semi-permeable Acts as a gatekeeper, controlling what can enter or leave the cell

cytoplasm The fluid matrix that holds all the organelles in place Composed of 80% water Location of many chemical reactions Consists of the everything contained inside the cell membrane

nucleus The nucleus controls the activities of the cell through the code stored in the DNA The chromatin (which become visible as chromosomes during cell division) contains the DNA (genetic material) The nuclear membrane protects the DNA and allows transport of material in and out of the nucleus.

endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is connected and continuous with the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane It forms a transportation network throughout the cell

ribosomes Produced by the nucleolus (in the nucleus) Create proteins which are the building blocks of many structures Found in the cytoplasm and on some kinds of endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus A series of folded membranes that packages and transports products Small membrane bound structures called vesicles are pinched off and carry the materials out of the cell

vesicles Membrane covered sacs produced by Golgi apparatus that store and transport materials –Can fuse with the cell membrane to transport materials out of the cell

vacuole Vacuoles store: –food –water –wastes The central vacuole of a mature plant cell is often quite large Animal cells often have several small vacuoles

mitochondrion Create energy from food (glucose)

chloroplast The sites of photosynthesis (production of glucose from sunlight, water and CO 2 )

Surface Area to Volume Ratio There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm 3, 2 mm 3, and 3mm 3

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Surface Area to Volume Ratio There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm 3, 2 mm 3, and 3mm 3 The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient.

Surface Area to Volume Ratio There is a reason why plant and animal cells must remain small Calculate the volume to surface areas of three cells that are 1mm 3, 2 mm 3, and 3mm 3 The cells with the largest ratios are the most efficient. Predict the SA:Vol ratio for a cell that is.5mm 3

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