CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS Global AIS: Unit 3

GENERAL INFORMATION

LOCATIONS MAP  Civilizations to identify: Rome Greece Maurya Han  Notice that Greece is surrounded by Rome

TIMELINE  Neolithic Revolution: 10,000 BC  First Civilization (Egypt): 5000 BC  First Classical Civilization (Greece): 1600 BC

CLASSICAL CIVILIZATIONS SUMMARIES The items in red are what you need to write down.

MAURYA CIVILIZATION  Location: Northern India (Indus River Valley)  Important Things to Know Created a bureaucracy Bureaucracy: a body of officials, especially those making up a government Ran a centralized government All cities report to one location All laws come from one location

HAN DYNASTY  Location: Eastern China  General Important Contributions Paper Remember the Silk Road and cultural diffusion? Wheelbarrow Rudder Acupuncture

HAN DYNASTY CONT’D  Great Wall of China Built to keep out invading armies from the north Builders of the Great Wall of China  Silk Popular trade product made of soft natural fiber By law, silk worms could not be exported “Silk Road” was created as a means of exporting to the Middle East

HAN DYNASTY CONT’D  Civil Service System Must pass a test to get a government job Based upon the teachings of Confucius Podcast on Confucius  Dynasty System A line of ruling families in China Each family claimed the Mandate of Heaven  Mandate of Heaven (IMPORTANT!): The belief that ruling families are given the right to rule by the gods

GREECE  City-State: a city with its own government that is part of a larger country Greece was made of mountainous islands so travel was too difficult to make a centralized government One of the precursors to our states

GREECE: ATHENS VS. SPARTA  Athens and Sparta were the two main city-states Fought against each other in the Peloponnesian Wars  Athens Direct democracy: free men vote on all issues Characteristics: educated, intellectual, got along with other city-states Citizens are men Women and slaves were not considered citizens Cultural center of Greece Age of Pericles: a golden age that produced great contributions in arts and sciences

GREECE: ATHENS VS. SPARTA  Sparta Monarchy: 2 kings that made decisions together Characteristics: War-like, community of warriors, poor relations with other city-states Little travel or trade Life was hard and cruel Lack of change led to its downfall Emphasized the military Boys were trained to be soldiers Weak were eliminated  This is Sparta! This is Sparta!

GREECE  Alexander the Great Took over the “known world” (Egypt, Persia, India)  Created the Hellenistic Culture through cultural diffusion Blended Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures

GREECE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY  Architecture Straight lines and basic shapes COLUMNS! Used for support and decoration  Philosophy Science of thinking about difficult and important issues Big names: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle All still studied today

GREECE: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY  Democracy Created this type of government in Athens Citizens helped decide important issues  Citizen Only free males (no slaves, women, foreigners)

ROME  Development of government Started as a monarchy Rule by a single person (king or queen) As more people joined the empire, a republic was formed Republic: citizens vote for representatives to make decisions Government before Rome became an empire Empire: one person (Caesar) makes all the decisions for the people Term used when a country conquers and expands

ROME  Location Began in Italy (Rome) Empire surrounds the Mediterranean Sea The Sea was the center of Roman trade Large enough to unite Europe with the Middle East through trade, common language (Latin), and common government  Pax Romana Translation: Roman Peace Began with Augustus Caesar and last for 200 years of peace and prosperity Golden Age of Rome  Teenage Life in Rome Teenage Life in Rome

ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR SOCIETY  Literature: continued Greek tradition of drama, poetry, and novels  Engineering Architecture Copied Greek architecture and added round shapes, like domes and arches Roads Built the first major roadways Allowed armies to move quickly Facilitated trade between cities and provinces (rural areas)

ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY  Engineering cont’d Arch Replaced columns for support Stronger than columns Could build larger structures with more open space Aqueducts Carry fresh water from mountains to cities

PARTHENON VS. COLISEUM What’s the difference?

ROME: CONTRIBUTIONS  Laws Applied to everyone within the empire Basis for our legal system today Twelve Tables were the written laws of Rome  Latin Allowed everyone in empire to communicate Common language of Europe for many centuries

ROMAN EMPIRE

EMPIRES CONNECTIONS  Rome and the Han Dynasty: grew wealthy because they developed EXTENSIVE TRADE NETWORKS  Rome and Greece: free men were the main citizens HOWEVER, Roman women enjoyed some rights They could own property and make wills They could leave their property to anyone they wanted

THE FALL OF EMPIRES

GOOD-BYE HAN DYNASTY AND ROMAN EMPIRE  People became corrupt and lazy  Empire became too big to manage  Foreign invasions  Taxes got too high