Fig. 7-CO, p. 184. Fig. 7-1, p. 186 Condensation Precipitation 111,000 Precipitation 385,000 Transpiration and Glaciers Evaporation 425,000 Groundwater.

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Presentation transcript:

Fig. 7-CO, p. 184

Fig. 7-1, p. 186

Condensation Precipitation 111,000 Precipitation 385,000 Transpiration and Glaciers Evaporation 425,000 Groundwater Ocean Runoff 40,000 Lakes Evaporation 71,000

Fig. 7-2, p. 187

Salt

Table 7-1, p. 188

Fig. 7-3, p. 189

One kilogram of seawater Water g Most abundant ions producing salinity Other components (salinity) 34.4 g Sodium (Na + ) g Chloride (Cl – ) g Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) g Bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) g Other Calcium (Ca 2+ ) g Potassium (K + ) g Sulfate (SO 4 2− ) g

Table 7-2, p. 189

Fig. 7-4a, p. 190

SO 2 (Sulfur dioxide) CO 2 (Carbon dioxide) Cl − (chloride) SO 4 2− (sulfate) HCl (Hydrochloric acid) Sulfur Volcano H 2 S (Hydrogen sulfide) Sea spray (ions) Adsorption and precipitation River discharge (ions) Ca 2+ (calcium) K + (potassium) Ca 2+ (calcium) Dissolution SO 4 2− (sulfate) Uplift Mg 2+ (magnesium) SO 4 2− (sulfate) Bottom sediments Ridge system Na + (sodium) HCO 3 − (bicarbonate) Biological processes Chemical reactions

Fig. 7-4b, p. 190

Fig. 7-5, p. 191

Fig. 7-6, p. 192

Table 7-3, p. 192

Box 7-1, p. 193

Table 7-4, p. 194

Fig. 7-7, p. 194

20 OXYGENNITROGEN 15 Seawater 10 5 Seawater 5 00 Concentration of dissolved gas at 1 atmosphere (milliliters per liter) Temperature (°C) Concentration of dissolved gas at 1 atmosphere (milliliters per liter)

Fig. 7-8, p. 195

0 0 1,000 4,000 2,000 O2O2 CO 2 8,000 Depth (m) Depth (ft) 3,000 12,000 4, O2O CO 2 Concentration of dissolved gas in milliliters per liter (ml/l)

Fig. 7-9, p. 196

Acidic Neutral Basic pH scale

Fig. 7-10, p. 197

ATMOSPHERE CO 2 (dissolved) H2OH2OH 2 CO 3 CO 2 (gas) + Carbonic acid H+H+ HCO 3 – bicarbonate ion Photosynthesis Respiration OH – H + + CO 3 2− carbonate ion PrecipitationSolution OCEAN BOTTOM CaCO 3 Carbonate sediments or shells CO 2 O 2 (dissolved)

Fig. 7-11, p. 198

100% HCO 3 – (bicarbonate ion) H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) CO 3 2− (carbonate ion) 50% Average pH of seawater Normal pH range of seawater Relative abundance of carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion in seawater 0% pH 5

Fig. 7-12, p. 198

8.0 average ocean pH pH Upper sunlit layer 2,000 1,000 Bottom of photo- synthetic zone 4,000 6,000 2,000 8,000 3,000 10,000 Depth (m) 12,000 Depth (ft) 4,000 CCD 14,000 5,000 16,000 18,000 6,