Chapter 7 Section 2 City Life Don’t copy anything in blue!!!!

The Growth of Cities 1850 – only 6 cities with a population over 100, – 14 cities 1900 – more than 35 cities African Americans began moving north in the 1890s to seek better econ. opportunities

Cities grew b/c of…. 1.Natural increase – 21% 2.Annexation (politically adding land to the city) – 8% 3.Immigration from rural areas – 30% 4.Urbanization – 41%

Walking city – all functions via walking –i.e. Pittsburgh 1860  49,  322,000 by the 1890s, every large city looked like rings on a tree Lower class Upper/middle class downtown Rural area Factories/warehouses

Grid System – first seen in Philadelphia 90° What a GREAT city….don’t you agree???

The Changing Look of the City Skyscrapers –Typical buildings in cities were only 5 stories tall –Growing cities put strain on downtown space –Louis Sullivan – architect credited w/ early skyscrapers in Chicago –Availability of steel made this possible –Elisha Otis – steam-powered elevators –1900 – tallest building in the US  435 ft tall Park Row Building in NYC

Public Transportation City planners tried to ease congestion through mass transit (aka public transportation) 1888 – electric street car –By 1902 the US had a total of 22,000 miles of track 1897 – Boston has 1 st subway system 1904 – NYC opens much larger subway Suburbs – residential neighborhoods outside the city –New mass transit allowed people to commute to the cities –Primarily middle-class

New Places for the Public 1857 – Frederick Olmsted designed NYC’s Central Park Public libraries became commonplace in most towns/cities –Andrew Carnegie Department stores – large retail shops that provided a variety of goods in one location –Designed to impress the public – window shopping –Sears and Roebuck –Wanamakers

Urban Problems Housing problems included overcrowding, sanitation, fire, crime African American groups emerged as a powerful force to aid urban communities Settlement Houses Settlement houses – neighborhood centers in poor areas –Offered education and social activities Hull House – most famous settlement house –founded by Jane Addams and Elle Starr (upper class women) –Focused on helping immigrant families (taught English and US Gov’t to help immigrants become citizens)

Chapter 7 Sec 3 Society and Culture

Mass Culture Leisure and cultural activities shared by large numbers of people –World’s Fairs –Barnum and Bailey’s Circus –Coney Island Amusement Park Chicago Worlds Fair 1893

The Rise of Sports 1896 – first modern Olympic games 1876 – baseball has the first national professional sports league –Philadelphia Athletics –New York Mutuals –Chicago White Stockings

The Rise of Sports (cont) Football became increasingly popular as a collegiate sport African Americans were excluded from playing in early leagues –Led to creation of Negro Leagues in the 1900s More Americans began exercising for fun and health –Boating, hiking, swimming, tennis, golf Late 1800s – first modern bicycle –Very popular with women

Which would you rather ride??? OR Nice outfit buddy!!!

Late 1800s Marketing American Tobacco Company – introduced marketing techniques –Billboards, free samples/gifts –By 1889, James B Duke spent $800,000 on marketing Net earnings were only $400,000

The Growth of Publishing 1884 – linotype reduced time and cost of printing By 1900, there were more than 2000 newspapers in the US Late 1890s – Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst began to use color printing Popular American Literature New printing methods made books more affordable Samuel Clemens aka Mark Twain Louisa May Alcott – Little Women

Art Realism – writing/artistic style that concentrated on presenting accurate images of American society American artists painted real life using different types of imagery Mary Cassatt James McNeill Whistler

Almost done….

Just one more slide…..

Here it comes…..

A New Art Form In the 1880s, wet-plates in cameras were replaced by a more conventional type of camera film George Eastman created the box camera in 1888 –His company Kodak sold cameras that people mailed back to get developed “You Press the Button—We Do the Rest.”