Friendly Warning: Multi-Chapter Test (# 3) Covers Chapters Thursday, 12 November 2015 (nine days from today)

Chapter 6 “In the Mood” : The Swing Era,

Chapter 6 (outline) Swing Music and American Culture Benny Goodman: “The King of Swing” Duke Ellington in the Swing Era Kansas City Swing: Count Basie Superstar of Swing: Glenn Miller Country Music in the Swing Era: Roy Acuff, Singing Cowboys, and Western Swing Latin Music in the Swing Era ASCAP, the AFM, and the Decline of the Big Bands

Latin Music in the Swing Era Latino immigrants in US bands “Latin” and pseudo-Latin dances in the books - Tango, Beguine, Calypso, Sambo, Rhumba, etc. Hollywood’s Latin America - Flying Down to Rio Trailer Ex. Flying Down To Rio - Trailer (1933) - YouTube - Carmen Miranda : Ex. The Lady In The Tutti Frutti Hat – YouTube (1943)Flying Down To Rio - Trailer (1933) - YouTubeThe Lady In The Tutti Frutti Hat – YouTube Novelty Numbers - Andrew Sisters, et al. Ex. The Andrews Sisters - Rum and Coca Cola – YouTubeThe Andrews Sisters - Rum and Coca Cola – YouTube

Xavier Cugat ( ) Spanish violinist/bandleader To Cuba (1905) and US (1915) House Band ( ?) - NYC Waldorf-Astoria Easy Swing dance music - simple Latin rhythms - Latin percussion - costumes & gimmicks (chihuahua) Exs. - Xavier Cugat - Brazil (Aquarela Do Brasil) – YouTube [Samba] (text book, p ) - Dog Song Chihuahua - YouTubeXavier Cugat - Brazil (Aquarela Do Brasil) – YouTubeDog Song Chihuahua - YouTube

Franciso Grillo, AKA “Machito” (1908/-1984) Cuban (?) musician Brought to NYC (1937) by (in-law) Mario Bauzá Forms Afro-Cubans (1940) 1 st genuine Latin band Full set of Latin percussion Ex. - NAGUE machito and his afro- cubans – YouTube (text book, pp )NAGUE machito and his afro- cubans – YouTube

Chapter 7 “Choo Choo C’ Boogie” : The Post-War Era,

Post War Economics & Attitudes WWII ends the Great Depression 1947 sales pass old 1921 peak Emergence of teenage market (1/3 of all sales) Conservative tastes (return to “normalcy”) - Romantic crooners - Easy Listening (“light music”) - Novelty songs Development of “Top 40” Radio “Battle of speeds” (78, 45, or 33 rpm) “Payola”

Technology Magnetic Tape - invented WWII (Germans) - better quality (“high fidelity”) Studio Recording w/ Tape - ability to edit - multi-track recording (“overdubbing”) - bi-aural (two tracks = “stereo”) “Battle of speeds” (78, 45, or 33 rpm) FM broadcasting (from 1939) Television (early 1950s)

Les Paul ( ) & Mary Ford ( ) Popular duo ( ) - 16 Top Ten Hits - 6 mil. records sold (1951) He – experience in all styles - country, jazz, etc. - radio & studio musician - guitar, banjo, etc. She – family of preachers - singer in many styles - gospel, country, etc. Divorced 1964

Les Paul and Technology Home recording studio Complete control of Sound “Overdubbing” or “multi-track” recording ½ speed recording = “Chipmunk” effect Electronic effects Ex. YouTube - Les Paul & Mary Ford - I'm Sitting on top of the WorldYouTube - Les Paul & Mary Ford - I'm Sitting on top of the World

Gibson “Les Paul Studio” model Solid Body Electric Guitar (invented in 1930s/40s & marketed from 1950s on)

Other Electric Guitars Leo Fender ( ) 1949 Telecaster Rickenbacker “300” series (1958- ) Adolph Rickenbacker w/ original electric guitar (c. 1932)

Solo Singers Post WWII to mid-50s (pre- rock ‘n roll) New Generation of Crooners Big Band Singers go solo - NOT restricted by “Petrillo ban” “Personalities” - TV, radio, movies, etc. Sentimental Songs, Novelties, etc. - aiming for youth market

Frank Sinatra ( ) Hoboken, NJ Tommy Dorsey Band Solo career (from 1942) Movie career - Oscar (1953) “Sinatra-mania” - Paramount Theater Riot (NYC 1942) - “Bobbysoxers” 1 st true “Teen idol” - “Frankie” - “Sultan of Swoon” - “Swoonatra”

“The Voice” Influence of the crooners (but NOT another Crosby) T. Dorsey’s trombone - Tommy Dorsey - I'm Getting Sentimental Over YouTommy Dorsey - I'm Getting Sentimental Over You Italian “bel canto” Loooonnngg lines (no breath) Use of the microphone Exs. - All or Nothing at All (1939) - Frank Sinatra – YouTube (re-released 1943) - "Nancy (With the Laughing Face)" Frank Sinatra – YouTube (Text book LG, p )All or Nothing at All (1939) - Frank Sinatra – YouTube"Nancy (With the Laughing Face)" Frank Sinatra – YouTube

Nat “King” Cole ( ) Montgomery, AL to Chicago Church singing Jazz piano Cabaret Singer Pop Crooner Strong Cross-over appeal Exs. - Nat King Cole - Nature Boy (With Lyrics) – YouTube (Text book LG, p ) - Nat King Cole, UnforgettableNat King Cole - Nature Boy (With Lyrics) – YouTubeNat King Cole, Unforgettable

Urban Folk Music: The Weavers Formed 1948 Rural folk music, but… Urban performers Political roots - Woody Guthrie inspired - leftist leanings Decca Label - Gordon Jenkins, arr. - pop sound Exs. - Goodnight Irene - The Weavers (lyrics needed) - Irene goodnight – YouTube (Huddie Ledbetter, “Leadbelly”)Goodnight Irene - The Weavers (lyrics needed)Irene goodnight – YouTube The Weavers (Pete Seeger w/ Banjo)

Mambo! Ballroom dance, c. 1930s (Cuban origins) Derived from Danzón, montuno section Modular form (repeated short ideas) Peak of popularity s -easy to do Exs. (Perez Prado Band) - MAMBO No 5 - PEREZ PRADO – YouTube (Text book LG, 216-7)MAMBO No 5 - PEREZ PRADO – YouTube Damaso Perez Prado ( ) – leading exponent of the “mambo”

The Mambo Craze (mid-50s) Sophie Tucker – “The Middle Age Mambo” - Sophie Tucker -the middle age mambo - YouTubeSophie Tucker -the middle age mambo - YouTube Ruth Brown – “Mambo Baby” - Mambo Baby - Ruth BrownMambo Baby - Ruth Brown Perry Como – “Papa Loves Mambo” - Perry Como Papa Loves Mambo Perry Como Show '54B&W ORGINALPerry Como Papa Loves Mambo Perry Como Show '54B&W ORGINAL Rosemary Clooney – “Mambo Italiano” - Rosemary Clooney - Mambo Italiano originals – YouTube (Text book LG, p )Rosemary Clooney - Mambo Italiano originals – YouTube Leonard Bernstein, West Side Story, “Mambo” - West Side Story (1961) - Dance at the Gym (Mambo)West Side Story (1961) - Dance at the Gym (Mambo)