+ Intellectual Development Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget

+ Erik Erikson German born psychologist who developed the psychosocial development theories for infants thru adolescents Developed the psychosocial stage of Trust vs. Mistrust in infants

+ Trust Vs. Mistrust Infants will learn a basic trust for the world during the first 2 years of life The development of this trust depends on the consistency of the caregiver during this time period Success in this stage (learning a basic trust for the world) will lead to a sense of hope

+ Trust vs. Mistrust Consistently taking care of a child’s needs will lead to a sense of trust Ex. Picking up a baby and feeding or soothing as it cries Consistently ignoring a child’s needs will lead to a sense of mistrust Ex. Consistently NOT picking up a crying infant

+ Jean Piaget Swiss psychologist who worked at the Bignet Institute writing French versions of questions on intelligence tests His studies highlighted that children do not think on a lower level than adults, but rather in completely different ways

+ Jean Piaget His basic theories involve children using prior knowledge to build on Ex. A child seeing a picture of a dog in a book and learning that it’s a dog and then seeing a dog in real life Piaget saw intellectual development as an adaptation to the world Children are able to categorize new information Ex. Calling a bald man a clown because his hair looks similar. After explaining that the man is not a clown because he is not wearing silly clothes or make-up, the definition of clown changes.

+ Intellectual Development At different stages during the first year, infants will learn different skills and abilities that are connected to infant development As with all developmental milestones, children will have delays and differences in development that are not concerning

+ Birth to Six Months Old Focus on and follow moving objects with their eyes Develop different cries to express hunger, anger and pain Babble, coo, and gurgle Turn to locate the source of sounds Study their hands and feet Forget about objects they cannot see Explore objects by putting them in their mouths

+ Infants Seven to Twelve Months Old Make sounds like “dada” and “mama” Repeat an action that may cause a response- shaking a rattle and laughing Wave bye-bye and patticake Looks for things not in sight Begin to pretend Respond to simple directions Make sounds that can be understood by familiar people May speak first words by 12 months old

+ Boosting Development There are four ways to boost intellectual development These are four things you can do daily to boost intellectual development

+ 1) Talk to your baby Language skills are vital to your baby’s ability to think and speak It must be LIVE language, not television Narrate the things you are doing daily Use proper words to describe items Use simple words and gradually add additional words

+ 2) Read often to your baby Some scientists see reading as more structured way to speak to your baby Point to the pictures to introduce new vocabulary

+ 3) Playing with educational toys Choose toys with bright, bold colors Give 3-5 toys at a time Choose toys that will challenge but not frustrate

+ 4) Listen to music Encourages hearing skills Do NOT play music too loudly Music encourages early learning elated elated

+ Clothing for Infants Check the seams for comfort Avoid tight elastic Avoid metal zippers, appliqués or uneven snaps Look for possible choking hazards Consider fabric content

+ Infant Clothing- Sleepwear One pieces are safer

+ Infant Clothing- Sleepwear

+ Diapering Diapers should be changed whenever soiled or wet You will need baby wipes, diaper cream and diapers Diapers are based on size It is important to diaper correctly so that there are no accidental leaks

+ Practice Practice diapering with the diapers on your table, taking turns between groups